IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v283y2021ics0306261920315221.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Decentralized blockchain-based consensus for Optimal Power Flow solutions

Author

Listed:
  • Foti, Magda
  • Mavromatis, Costas
  • Vavalis, Manolis

Abstract

We design, implement and analyze a decentralized consensus algorithm based on the blockchain technology for the solution of the Optimal Power Flow problem. The proposed algorithm enables independent power grid nodes, without prior trust on each other, to reach an agreement on the Optimal Power Flow solution. We decompose the Optimal Power Flow problem using a blockchain-based Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers and we comment on efficiency, trust, security and transparency issues. The successive iterants of the solution of the power flow problem are securely stored on the blockchain, removing the need for a central operating authority, while allowing network nodes to verify the validity and optimality of the solution. We illustrate the effectiveness of the consensus algorithm presented through simulation experiments on the 39-bus New England transmission system, and IEEE-57 and IEEE-118 benchmark systems. We systematically compare the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with well established blockchain consensus algorithms. The results show that our method maintains the convergence characteristics of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers iterative scheme and enables independent network nodes to reach consensus.

Suggested Citation

  • Foti, Magda & Mavromatis, Costas & Vavalis, Manolis, 2021. "Decentralized blockchain-based consensus for Optimal Power Flow solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:283:y:2021:i:c:s0306261920315221
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116100
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920315221
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116100?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mengelkamp, Esther & Gärttner, Johannes & Rock, Kerstin & Kessler, Scott & Orsini, Lawrence & Weinhardt, Christof, 2018. "Designing microgrid energy markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 870-880.
    2. Foti, Magda & Vavalis, Manolis, 2019. "Blockchain based uniform price double auctions for energy markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    3. Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Abram, Simone & Geach, Dale & Jenkins, David & McCallum, Peter & Peacock, Andrew, 2019. "Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 143-174.
    4. Judson, E. & Fitch-Roy, O. & Pownall, T. & Bray, R. & Poulter, H. & Soutar, I. & Lowes, R. & Connor, P.M. & Britton, J. & Woodman, B. & Mitchell, C., 2020. "The centre cannot (always) hold: Examining pathways towards energy system de-centralisation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    5. Johannes Sedlmeir & Hans Ulrich Buhl & Gilbert Fridgen & Robert Keller, 2020. "The Energy Consumption of Blockchain Technology: Beyond Myth," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 62(6), pages 599-608, December.
    6. Staudt, Philipp & Schmidt, Marc & Gärttner, Johannes & Weinhardt, Christof, 2018. "A decentralized approach towards resolving transmission grid congestion in Germany using vehicle-to-grid technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1435-1446.
    7. van Leeuwen, Gijs & AlSkaif, Tarek & Gibescu, Madeleine & van Sark, Wilfried, 2020. "An integrated blockchain-based energy management platform with bilateral trading for microgrid communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dong Yu & Shan Gao & Xin Zhao & Yu Liu & Sicheng Wang & Tiancheng E. Song, 2023. "Alternating Iterative Power-Flow Algorithm for Hybrid AC–DC Power Grids Incorporating LCCs and VSCs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Lu, Xin & Qiu, Jing & Zhang, Cuo & Lei, Gang & Zhu, Jianguo, 2024. "Seizing unconventional arbitrage opportunities in virtual power plants: A profitable and flexible recruitment approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    3. Qinghan Sun & Huan Ma & Tian Zhao & Yonglin Xin & Qun Chen, 2024. "Break down the decentralization-security-privacy trilemma in management of distributed energy systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Dong, Lianxin & Fan, Shuai & Wang, Zhihua & Xiao, Jucheng & Zhou, Huan & Li, Zuyi & He, Guangyu, 2021. "An adaptive decentralized economic dispatch method for virtual power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    5. Hua, Weiqi & Jiang, Jing & Sun, Hongjian & Teng, Fei & Strbac, Goran, 2022. "Consumer-centric decarbonization framework using Stackelberg game and Blockchain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    6. Uyikumhe Damisa & Nnamdi I. Nwulu & Pierluigi Siano, 2022. "Towards Blockchain-Based Energy Trading: A Smart Contract Implementation of Energy Double Auction and Spinning Reserve Trading," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, June.
    7. Uyikumhe Damisa & Nnamdi I. Nwulu, 2022. "Blockchain-Based Auctioning for Energy Storage Sharing in a Smart Community," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, March.
    8. Tanus Bikram Malla & Abhinav Bhattarai & Amrit Parajuli & Ashish Shrestha & Bhupendra Bimal Chhetri & Kamal Chapagain, 2022. "Status, Challenges and Future Directions of Blockchain Technology in Power System: A State of Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-26, November.
    9. Yang, Jun & Sun, Fengyuan & Wang, Haitao, 2023. "Distributed collaborative optimal economic dispatch of integrated energy system based on edge computing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    10. Couraud, Benoit & Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Norbu, Sonam & Chen, Si & Flynn, David, 2023. "Responsive FLEXibility: A smart local energy system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kirli, Desen & Couraud, Benoit & Robu, Valentin & Salgado-Bravo, Marcelo & Norbu, Sonam & Andoni, Merlinda & Antonopoulos, Ioannis & Negrete-Pincetic, Matias & Flynn, David & Kiprakis, Aristides, 2022. "Smart contracts in energy systems: A systematic review of fundamental approaches and implementations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Roth, Tamara & Utz, Manuel & Baumgarte, Felix & Rieger, Alexander & Sedlmeir, Johannes & Strüker, Jens, 2022. "Electricity powered by blockchain: A review with a European perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    3. Soto, Esteban A. & Bosman, Lisa B. & Wollega, Ebisa & Leon-Salas, Walter D., 2021. "Peer-to-peer energy trading: A review of the literature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    4. Esmat, Ayman & de Vos, Martijn & Ghiassi-Farrokhfal, Yashar & Palensky, Peter & Epema, Dick, 2021. "A novel decentralized platform for peer-to-peer energy trading market with blockchain technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    5. Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta & Sebastian-Cardenas, D. Jonathan & Bhattarai, Bishnu & Wang, Peng & Widergren, Steve & Borkum, Mark & Randall, Alysha, 2021. "Blockchain smart contract reference framework and program logic architecture for transactive energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    6. Wang, Longze & Liu, Jinxin & Yuan, Rongfang & Wu, Jing & Zhang, Delong & Zhang, Yan & Li, Meicheng, 2020. "Adaptive bidding strategy for real-time energy management in multi-energy market enhanced by blockchain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    7. López, Iraide & Goitia-Zabaleta, Nerea & Milo, Aitor & Gómez-Cornejo, Julen & Aranzabal, Itxaso & Gaztañaga, Haizea & Fernandez, Elvira, 2024. "European energy communities: Characteristics, trends, business models and legal framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    8. Jagdish Prasad Nepal & Nuttaya Yuangyai & Saroj Gyawali & Chumpol Yuangyai, 2022. "Blockchain-Based Smart Renewable Energy: Review of Operational and Transactional Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, July.
    9. Yildizbasi, Abdullah, 2021. "Blockchain and renewable energy: Integration challenges in circular economy era," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 183-197.
    10. Ahl, Amanda & Goto, Mika & Yarime, Masaru & Tanaka, Kenji & Sagawa, Daishi, 2022. "Challenges and opportunities of blockchain energy applications: Interrelatedness among technological, economic, social, environmental, and institutional dimensions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    11. Àlex Alonso-Travesset & Helena Martín & Sergio Coronas & Jordi de la Hoz, 2022. "Optimization Models under Uncertainty in Distributed Generation Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-40, March.
    12. Dudjak, Viktorija & Neves, Diana & Alskaif, Tarek & Khadem, Shafi & Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Saggese, Pietro & Bowler, Benjamin & Andoni, Merlinda & Bertolini, Marina & Zhou, Yue & Lormeteau, Blanche &, 2021. "Impact of local energy markets integration in power systems layer: A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    13. Maarten Evens & Patricia Ercoli & Alessia Arteconi, 2023. "Blockchain-Enabled Microgrids: Toward Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading and Flexible Demand Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-24, September.
    14. Ahl, A. & Yarime, M. & Goto, M. & Chopra, Shauhrat S. & Kumar, Nallapaneni Manoj. & Tanaka, K. & Sagawa, D., 2020. "Exploring blockchain for the energy transition: Opportunities and challenges based on a case study in Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    15. Tsao, Yu-Chung & Thanh, Vo-Van, 2021. "Toward sustainable microgrids with blockchain technology-based peer-to-peer energy trading mechanism: A fuzzy meta-heuristic approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    16. Johannes Sedlmeir & Jonathan Lautenschlager & Gilbert Fridgen & Nils Urbach, 2022. "The transparency challenge of blockchain in organizations," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(3), pages 1779-1794, September.
    17. Koasidis, Konstantinos & Marinakis, Vangelis & Nikas, Alexandros & Chira, Katerina & Flamos, Alexandros & Doukas, Haris, 2022. "Monetising behavioural change as a policy measure to support energy management in the residential sector: A case study in Greece," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    18. Akhil Joseph & Patil Balachandra, 2020. "Energy Internet, the Future Electricity System: Overview, Concept, Model Structure, and Mechanism," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    19. Bischi, Aldo & Basile, Mariano & Poli, Davide & Vallati, Carlo & Miliani, Francesco & Caposciutti, Gianluca & Marracci, Mirko & Dini, Gianluca & Desideri, Umberto, 2021. "Enabling low-voltage, peer-to-peer, quasi-real-time electricity markets through consortium blockchains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    20. Kouhizadeh, Mahtab & Saberi, Sara & Sarkis, Joseph, 2021. "Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:283:y:2021:i:c:s0306261920315221. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.