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Operating reserve capacity evaluation of aggregated heterogeneous TCLs with price signals

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  • Xie, Dunjian
  • Hui, Hongxun
  • Ding, Yi
  • Lin, Zhenzhi

Abstract

Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) have been studied to provide operating reserve for maintaining power balance between supply and demand. However, operating reserve capacity (ORC) supplied by aggregated TCLs is difficult to evaluate, due to the insufficient information of heterogeneous TCLs and consumer behaviors. This paper proposes a quantitative ORC evaluation method for large-scale aggregated heterogeneous TCLs without sufficient measurement data. Firstly, an individual TCL model on account of consumer behaviors is developed to characterize the impact of fluctuated electricity prices and different thermal comfort requirements. Secondly, a novel optimization model of heterogeneous TCLs, which can guarantee consumer satisfaction, is proposed to provide operating reserve for power systems. Thirdly, the probability density estimation (PDE) method is developed to evaluate the ORC provided by large-scale heterogeneous TCLs with insufficient data. Numerical studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed models and methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Xie, Dunjian & Hui, Hongxun & Ding, Yi & Lin, Zhenzhi, 2018. "Operating reserve capacity evaluation of aggregated heterogeneous TCLs with price signals," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 338-347.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:216:y:2018:i:c:p:338-347
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.010
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    3. Hui, Hongxun & Ding, Yi & Shi, Qingxin & Li, Fangxing & Song, Yonghua & Yan, Jinyue, 2020. "5G network-based Internet of Things for demand response in smart grid: A survey on application potential," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
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    6. Hui, Hongxun & Ding, Yi & Song, Yonghua & Rahman, Saifur, 2019. "Modeling and control of flexible loads for frequency regulation services considering compensation of communication latency and detection error," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 161-174.
    7. Mir Sayed Shah Danish & Tomonobu Senjyu & Sayed Mir Shah Danish & Najib Rahman Sabory & Narayanan K & Paras Mandal, 2019. "A Recap of Voltage Stability Indices in the Past Three Decades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, April.
    8. Song, Yuguang & Chen, Fangjian & Xia, Mingchao & Chen, Qifang, 2022. "The interactive dispatch strategy for thermostatically controlled loads based on the source–load collaborative evolution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    9. Hongbo Shao & Yubin Mao & Yongmin Liu & Wanxun Liu & Sipei Sun & Peng Jia & Fufeng Miao & Li Yang & Chang Han & Bo Zhang, 2018. "A Three-Stage Procedure for Controlled Islanding to Prevent Wide-Area Blackouts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    10. Wei, Congying & Xu, Jian & Liao, Siyang & Sun, Yuanzhang & Jiang, Yibo & Zhang, Zhen, 2018. "Coordination optimization of multiple thermostatically controlled load groups in distribution network with renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 456-467.

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