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Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation

Author

Listed:
  • Srinivasan, Shweta
  • Kholod, Nazar
  • Chaturvedi, Vaibhav
  • Ghosh, Probal Pratap
  • Mathur, Ritu
  • Clarke, Leon
  • Evans, Meredydd
  • Hejazi, Mohamad
  • Kanudia, Amit
  • Koti, Poonam Nagar
  • Liu, Bo
  • Parikh, Kirit S.
  • Ali, Mohammed Sahil
  • Sharma, Kabir

Abstract

This paper provides projections of water withdrawals and consumption for electricity generation in India through 2050. Based on the results from five energy-economic modeling teams, the paper explores the implications of economic growth, power plant cooling policies, and electricity CO2 emissions reductions on water withdrawals and consumption. To understand how different modeling approaches derive different results for energy-water interactions, the five teams used harmonized assumptions regarding economic and population growth, the distribution of power plants by cooling technologies, and withdrawals and consumption intensities. The multi-model study provides robust results regarding the different but potentially complementary implications of cooling technology policies and efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. The water implications of CO2 emissions reductions depend critically on the approach to these reductions. Focusing on wind and solar power reduces consumption and withdrawals, a focus on nuclear power increases both, and a focus on hydroelectric power could increase consumptive losses through evaporation. Policies focused specifically on cooling water can have substantial and complementary impacts.

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  • Srinivasan, Shweta & Kholod, Nazar & Chaturvedi, Vaibhav & Ghosh, Probal Pratap & Mathur, Ritu & Clarke, Leon & Evans, Meredydd & Hejazi, Mohamad & Kanudia, Amit & Koti, Poonam Nagar & Liu, Bo & Parik, 2018. "Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 673-684.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:673-684
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.079
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    7. Lohrmann, Alena & Farfan, Javier & Lohrmann, Christoph & Kölbel, Julian Fritz & Pettersson, Frank, 2023. "Troubled waters: Estimating the role of the power sector in future water scarcity crises," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
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    10. Mitavachan Hiremath & Peter Viebahn & Sascha Samadi, 2021. "An Integrated Comparative Assessment of Coal-Based Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Vis-à-Vis Renewable Energies in India’s Low Carbon Electricity Transition Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-28, January.
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    17. Ritu Mathur & Swapnil Shekhar, 2020. "India’s energy sector choices—options and implications of ambitious mitigation efforts," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(4), pages 1893-1911, October.

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