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Impacts on water consumption of power sector in major emitting economies under INDC and longer term mitigation scenarios: An input-output based hybrid approach

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  • Wan, Liyang
  • Wang, Can
  • Cai, Wenjia

Abstract

Transformation of the energy sector’s power generation mix is needed to contain global mean temperature rise to no more than 2°C above the pre-industrial level. Because the power sector is also a dominant direct and indirect consumer of water, it is vital to understand current and likely future trends in power sector water consumption. In this paper, we use an input-output based hybrid approach to study the direct and indirect impacts on water consumption from power mix adjustment in the world’s seven largest emitting economies under multiple cost-effective mitigation pathways toward the 2°C target. Although different pathways exist, we discovered generally increases in water consumption of power sector under the long-term 2°C target compared with no-climate-policy pathways, especially for China and India. Fulfilling the Intended National Determined Contributions (INDCs) could decouple direct water consumption and electricity output for most regions but may result in increases of indirect water consumption in China. This paper suggests that in the light of geographically uneven water scarcity, more comprehensive evaluation of both the direct and indirect water demands of the power sector is demanded when considering climate policies relevant to significant structural and technological adjustments in power sector.

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  • Wan, Liyang & Wang, Can & Cai, Wenjia, 2016. "Impacts on water consumption of power sector in major emitting economies under INDC and longer term mitigation scenarios: An input-output based hybrid approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 26-39.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:184:y:2016:i:c:p:26-39
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.013
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    5. Srinivasan, Shweta & Kholod, Nazar & Chaturvedi, Vaibhav & Ghosh, Probal Pratap & Mathur, Ritu & Clarke, Leon & Evans, Meredydd & Hejazi, Mohamad & Kanudia, Amit & Koti, Poonam Nagar & Liu, Bo & Parik, 2018. "Water for electricity in India: A multi-model study of future challenges and linkages to climate change mitigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 673-684.
    6. Distefano, Tiziano & Kelly, Scott, 2017. "Are we in deep water? Water scarcity and its limits to economic growth," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 130-147.
    7. Lu Lin & Yongqin David Chen, 2017. "Evaluation of Future Water Use for Electricity Generation under Different Energy Development Scenarios in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    8. Wang, Saige & Fath, Brian & Chen, Bin, 2019. "Energy–water nexus under energy mix scenarios using input–output and ecological network analyses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 827-839.
    9. Linghao Meng & Jusen Asuka, 2022. "Impacts of Energy Transition on Life Cycle Carbon Emission and Water Consumption in Japan’s Electric Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    10. Handayani, Kamia & Krozer, Yoram & Filatova, Tatiana, 2017. "Trade-offs between electrification and climate change mitigation: An analysis of the Java-Bali power system in Indonesia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1020-1037.
    11. Luu, Le Quyen & Gibon, Thomas & Cellura, Maurizio & Sanseverino, Eleonora Riva & Longo, Sonia, 2024. "Integrated hybrid multi-regional input-output for assessing life cycle air emissions of the Italian power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).

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