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Utilizing distributed energy resources to support frequency regulation services

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  • Zhang, S.
  • Mishra, Y.
  • Shahidehpour, M.

Abstract

Increasing penetration of small-scale intermittent distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar/wind in the power system poses frequency regulation problems due to the reduced system inertia. This paper proposes a new entity, namely, renewable energy aggregators (REA), which enables several small-scale renewable energy generators (SREG) and energy storage systems (ESS) to enhance the frequency stability in low-inertia systems. REA participates in the electricity market and provides frequency regulation services by employing dynamic schedule and control strategies (DSCS). The proposed DSCS consists of forecasting and frequency regulation blocks to schedule appropriate amount of renewable energy in real-time. It utilizes individual weather conditions such as solar insolation and wind speeds for SREG and determines variable de-loaded coefficients to energy spilling or wastage. The efficacy of DSCS based REA under both open-loop and closed-loop simulation studies indicate improved frequency regulation performance under varying weather conditions and load fluctuations.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, S. & Mishra, Y. & Shahidehpour, M., 2017. "Utilizing distributed energy resources to support frequency regulation services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1484-1494.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:206:y:2017:i:c:p:1484-1494
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.114
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    5. Sattar, Faisal & Ghosh, Sudipta & Isbeih, Younes J. & El Moursi, Mohamed Shawky & Al Durra, Ahmed & El Fouly, Tarek H.M., 2024. "A predictive tool for power system operators to ensure frequency stability for power grids with renewable energy integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
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    7. Li, Yujun & Xu, Zhao & Xiong, Liansong & Song, Guobing & Zhang, Jianliang & Qi, Donglian & Yang, Hongming, 2019. "A cascading power sharing control for microgrid embedded with wind and solar generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 846-860.
    8. Luís Sousa Rodrigues & Daniel Lemos Marques & Jorge Augusto Ferreira & Vítor António Ferreira Costa & Nelson Dias Martins & Fernando José Neto Da Silva, 2022. "The Load Shifting Potential of Domestic Refrigerators in Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-36, October.
    9. Junhui Li & Yunbao Ma & Gang Mu & Xichao Feng & Gangui Yan & Gan Guo & Tianyang Zhang, 2018. "Optimal Configuration of Energy Storage System Coordinating Wind Turbine to Participate Power System Primary Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, May.
    10. Wang, Sen & Li, Fengting & Zhang, Gaohang & Yin, Chunya, 2023. "Analysis of energy storage demand for peak shaving and frequency regulation of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).

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