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The key for sodium-rich coal utilization in entrained flow gasifier: The role of sodium on slag viscosity-temperature behavior at high temperatures

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  • Chen, Xiaodong
  • Kong, Lingxue
  • Bai, Jin
  • Dai, Xin
  • Li, Huaizhu
  • Bai, Zongqing
  • Li, Wen

Abstract

Tremendous sodium-rich coal in China has unique ash compositions, and the entrained flow gasification is one of the best choices to use sodium-rich coal for coal chemical industry. The entrained flow gasifiers require smooth slag tapping for long term and safe running, but the viscosity-temperature behavior of high-sodium slags is unknown, which limits the utilization of sodium-rich coal. In this study, viscosity-temperature behavior of high-sodium coal ash slags was revealed for the first time, and the parameter of slag network structure and index of slag crystallization tendency is raised for slag viscosity evaluation. The results show that Na2O provides O2− ions which break SiOSi bonds and slag network structure. However, Al3+ ions are absorbed into silicate network, acting as a network former with the ionic charge-compensation effect of Na+. The classic structural parameter (fraction of non-bridging oxygen, NBO) is modified to evaluate the high-sodium slag viscosity accurately by taking Al3+ into account. NBO fraction decreases as Na2O content increases, leading to the decrease of slag viscosity. Below Tliq, slags are prone to be crystalline slag with increasing Na2O content or glassy slag with increase in SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (S/A). A novel index, namely glassy slag formation ability (G), is established to quantitatively evaluate the crystallization tendency of coal ash slags. G is the ratio of activation energy for viscous flow (Eη) to Tliq. The slag will exhibit the glassy behavior when G is higher than 0.16kJ/(mol·K). The results enhance the knowledge of viscosity-temperature behavior of high-sodium coal ash slags and will be helpful for coal selection and blending to avoid slag blockage in entrained flow gasification.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Xiaodong & Kong, Lingxue & Bai, Jin & Dai, Xin & Li, Huaizhu & Bai, Zongqing & Li, Wen, 2017. "The key for sodium-rich coal utilization in entrained flow gasifier: The role of sodium on slag viscosity-temperature behavior at high temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1241-1249.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:206:y:2017:i:c:p:1241-1249
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Liu, Yingzu & He, Yong & Wang, Zhihua & Xia, Jun & Wan, Kaidi & Whiddon, Ronald & Cen, Kefa, 2018. "Characteristics of alkali species release from a burning coal/biomass blend," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 523-531.
    3. Yang, Wei & Zhu, Youjian & Cheng, Wei & Sang, Huiying & Xu, Hanshen & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2018. "Effect of minerals and binders on particulate matter emission from biomass pellets combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 106-115.
    4. Wang, Kangcheng & Zhang, Jie & Shang, Chao & Huang, Dexian, 2021. "Operation optimization of Shell coal gasification process based on convolutional neural network models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    5. Wu, Guixuan & Seebold, Sören & Yazhenskikh, Elena & Tanner, Joanne & Hack, Klaus & Müller, Michael, 2019. "Slag mobility in entrained flow gasifiers optimized using a new reliable viscosity model of iron oxide-containing multicomponent melts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 837-849.

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