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Enhanced performance and durability of low catalyst loading PEM water electrolyser based on a short-side chain perfluorosulfonic ionomer

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  • Siracusano, Stefania
  • Baglio, Vincenzo
  • Van Dijk, Nicholas
  • Merlo, Luca
  • Aricò, Antonino Salvatore

Abstract

Water electrolysis supplied by renewable energy is the foremost technology for producing “green” hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. In addition, the ability to rapidly follow an intermittent load makes electrolysis an ideal solution for grid-balancing caused by differences in supply and demand for energy generation and consumption. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) designed for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, based on a novel short-side chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane, Aquivion®, with various cathode and anode noble metal loadings, were investigated in terms of both performance and durability. Utilizing a nanosized Ir0.7Ru0.3Ox solid solution anode catalyst and a supported Pt/C cathode catalyst, in combination with the Aquivion® membrane, gave excellent electrolysis performances exceeding 3.2A·cm−2 at 1.8V terminal cell voltage (∼80% efficiency) at 90°C in the presence of a total catalyst loading of 1.6mg⋅cm−2. A very small loss of efficiency, corresponding to 30mV voltage increase, was recorded at 3A⋅cm−2 using a total noble metal catalyst loading of less than 0.5mg·cm−2 (compared to the industry standard of 2mg·cm−2). Steady-state durability tests, carried out for 1000h at 1A⋅cm−2, showed excellent stability for the MEA with total noble metal catalyst loading of 1.6mg·cm−2 (cell voltage increase ∼5μV/h). Moderate degradation rate (cell voltage increase ∼15μV/h) was recorded for the low loading 0.5mg·cm−2, MEA. Similar stability characteristics were observed in durability tests at 3A·cm−2. These high performance and stability characteristics were attributed to the enhanced proton conductivity and good stability of the novel membrane, the optimized structural properties of the Ir and Ru oxide solid solution and the enrichment of Ir species on the surface for the anodic catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Siracusano, Stefania & Baglio, Vincenzo & Van Dijk, Nicholas & Merlo, Luca & Aricò, Antonino Salvatore, 2017. "Enhanced performance and durability of low catalyst loading PEM water electrolyser based on a short-side chain perfluorosulfonic ionomer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 477-489.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:477-489
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.011
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    2. Yang, Weiguang & Guo, Hui & Niu, Fuquan & Wang, Bingjie & Huang, Bin & Niu, Sirui & Liu, Jianli & Yang, Shuting & Yang, Yange, 2023. "A novel strategy for accelerating degradation of proton exchange membranes in fuel cell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 38-46.
    3. Zhao, Lei & Hong, Jichao & Xie, Jiaping & Jiang, Shangfeng & Wei, Xuezhe & Ming, Pingwen & Dai, Haifeng, 2023. "Investigation of local sensitivity for vehicle-oriented fuel cell stacks based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    4. Kaya, Mehmet Fatih & Demir, Nesrin & Rees, Neil V. & El-Kharouf, Ahmad, 2020. "Improving PEM water electrolyser’s performance by magnetic field application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    5. Hu, Zunyan & Xu, Liangfei & Huang, Yiyuan & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Du, Xiaoli & Jiang, Hongliang, 2018. "Comprehensive analysis of galvanostatic charge method for fuel cell degradation diagnosis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1321-1332.
    6. Lv, Hong & Sun, Yongwen & Wang, Sen & Chen, Jingxian & Gao, Yuanfeng & Hu, Ding & Yao, Han & Zhang, Cunman, 2024. "Synergistic gradient distribution of IrO2/TiNX ratio and ionomer content reduces the internal voltage loss of the anode catalytic layer in PEM water electrolysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    7. Siracusano, S. & Van Dijk, N. & Backhouse, R. & Merlo, L. & Baglio, V. & Aricò, A.S., 2018. "Degradation issues of PEM electrolysis MEAs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 52-57.
    8. Pantò, Fabiola & Siracusano, Stefania & Briguglio, Nicola & Aricò, Antonino Salvatore, 2020. "Durability of a recombination catalyst-based membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis operation at high current density," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    9. Valerio Mariani & Giovanna Adinolfi & Amedeo Buonanno & Roberto Ciavarella & Antonio Ricca & Vincenzo Sorrentino & Giorgio Graditi & Maria Valenti, 2024. "A Survey on Anomalies and Faults That May Impact the Reliability of Renewable-Based Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-29, July.
    10. Trocino, Stefano & Lo Faro, Massimiliano & Zignani, Sabrina Campagna & Antonucci, Vincenzo & Aricò, Antonino Salvatore, 2019. "High performance solid-state iron-air rechargeable ceramic battery operating at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 386-394.
    11. Yang, Gaoqiang & Mo, Jingke & Kang, Zhenye & Dohrmann, Yeshi & List, Frederick A. & Green, Johney B. & Babu, Sudarsanam S. & Zhang, Feng-Yuan, 2018. "Fully printed and integrated electrolyzer cells with additive manufacturing for high-efficiency water splitting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 202-210.
    12. Shahgaldi, Samaneh & Alaefour, Ibrahim & Li, Xianguo, 2018. "The impact of short side chain ionomer on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance and durability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 295-302.

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