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A low cost one pot synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) using a novel material, β-potassium dizirconate (β-K2Zr2O5)

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  • Singh, Veena
  • Bux, Faizal
  • Sharma, Yogesh Chandra

Abstract

Biodiesel was synthesized from waste frying oil (WFO) using β-potassium dizirconate (β-K2Zr2O5) as a novel heterogeneous catalyst. Synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), particle size analyser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area and basicity. Various reaction conditions such as molar ratio of methanol: oil, catalyst amount (wt%), reaction temperature, time and reusability of catalyst were studied for transesterification reaction with the catalyst, β-K2Zr2O5. High biodiesel conversion of 96.85% was observed at a 10:1M ratio (alcohol: oil), 4wt% catalyst at 65°C for 2h. WFO was characterized by GCMS and biodiesel conversion was ascertained by Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C FTNMR) spectroscopy. It was first time that β-potassium dizirconate was used as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was reused up to five times without significant loss in its activity. Physical and chemical properties of FAME such as flash point, fire point, cloud point, density, and kinematic viscosity were deliberated.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, Veena & Bux, Faizal & Sharma, Yogesh Chandra, 2016. "A low cost one pot synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) using a novel material, β-potassium dizirconate (β-K2Zr2O5)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 23-33.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:172:y:2016:i:c:p:23-33
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.135
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Haapaniemi, Esa & Sillanpää, Mika, 2019. "Nano-magnetic potassium impregnated ceria as catalyst for the biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1428-1436.
    3. Long, Feng & Liu, Weiguo & Jiang, Xia & Zhai, Qiaolong & Cao, Xincheng & Jiang, Jianchun & Xu, Junming, 2021. "State-of-the-art technologies for biofuel production from triglycerides: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    4. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Iftekhar, Sidra & Haapaniemi, Esa & Sillanpää, Mika, 2020. "Effect of different co-solvents on biodiesel production from various low-cost feedstocks using Sr–Al double oxides," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2158-2169.
    5. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
    6. AlSharifi, Mariam & Znad, Hussein, 2020. "Transesterification of waste canola oil by lithium/zinc composite supported on waste chicken bone as an effective catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 740-749.
    7. Chiatti, Giancarlo & Chiavola, Ornella & Palmieri, Fulvio, 2017. "Vibration and acoustic characteristics of a city-car engine fueled with biodiesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 664-670.

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