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Steam explosion of oil palm residues for the production of durable pellets

Author

Listed:
  • Lam, Pak Sui
  • Lam, Pak Yiu
  • Sokhansanj, Shahab
  • Lim, C. Jim
  • Bi, Xiaotao T.
  • Stephen, James D.
  • Pribowo, Amadeus
  • Mabee, Warren E.

Abstract

The effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the pellets made from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated and compared to that of softwood Douglas fir (DF). It was found that the high heating value of the empty fruit bunch was increased by 21% after steam explosion pretreatment. The pellet density of EFB and Douglas fir pellets did not change while the pellet density of PKS increased from 1.13 to 1.21g/cm3 after steam explosion. That may be attributed to the rapid volatilization of high mass fraction extractives during high pressure steaming and lead to the shrinkage of micropores of the PKS fibers. The maximum breaking strength of steam exploded EFB and PKS were increased by 63% and 45%, respectively. The required compaction energy for the steam exploded EFB pellet is 44.50J/g while that of the untreated EFB pellet is 30.15J/g. Similar to Douglas fir, the required extrusion energy for the steam exploded EFB pellet was about 6times than that of the untreated EFB pellet. The increased extrusion energy is mainly contributed by the increase in mono-saccharides by auto-hydrolysis during steam explosion pretreatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Lam, Pak Sui & Lam, Pak Yiu & Sokhansanj, Shahab & Lim, C. Jim & Bi, Xiaotao T. & Stephen, James D. & Pribowo, Amadeus & Mabee, Warren E., 2015. "Steam explosion of oil palm residues for the production of durable pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 160-166.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:141:y:2015:i:c:p:160-166
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.029
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Somrat Kerdsuwan & Krongkaew Laohalidanond, 2011. "Renewable Energy from Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch," Chapters, in: Majid Nayeripour & Mostafa Kheshti (ed.), Renewable Energy - Trends and Applications, IntechOpen.
    2. Erlich, Catharina & Fransson, Torsten H., 2011. "Downdraft gasification of pellets made of wood, palm-oil residues respective bagasse: Experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(3), pages 899-908, March.
    3. Liu, Zhengang & Quek, Augustine & Balasubramanian, R., 2014. "Preparation and characterization of fuel pellets from woody biomass, agro-residues and their corresponding hydrochars," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1315-1322.
    4. Tooyserkani, Zahra & Sokhansanj, Shahab & Bi, Xiaotao & Lim, Jim & Lau, Anthony & Saddler, Jack & Kumar, Linoj & Lam, Pak Sui & Melin, Staffan, 2013. "Steam treatment of four softwood species and bark to produce torrefied wood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 514-521.
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