IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v138y2015icp133-142.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy and environmental comparison of two-stage solutions for commercial refrigeration at low temperature: Fluids and systems

Author

Listed:
  • Llopis, Rodrigo
  • Sánchez, Daniel
  • Sanz-Kock, Carlos
  • Cabello, Ramón
  • Torrella, Enrique

Abstract

International agreements will restrict in the near future the use of high-GWP refrigerants in Europe. These restrictions will favour the implantation of refrigeration systems with low-GWP fluids, especially in applications with high leakage rate. To clarify possible solutions that accomplish the forthcoming F-Gas Regulation, we present simplified models of five two-stage vapour compression refrigeration systems and evaluate them with low-GWP refrigerants (HFC, HFO and naturals). We analyse the energy performance over a wide range of evaporating and environment temperatures and present the TEWI analysis under a same scenario, typical of a centralized commercial refrigeration application. We conclude that, for high-GWP refrigerants, direct emissions have greater weight in TEWI than the indirect ones, so future solutions might be based on low-GWP fluids, in some cases with risk of toxicity or flammability. We observe the indirect two-stage systems (cascades) with CO2 as low temperature fluid are promising solutions, especially for warm regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Llopis, Rodrigo & Sánchez, Daniel & Sanz-Kock, Carlos & Cabello, Ramón & Torrella, Enrique, 2015. "Energy and environmental comparison of two-stage solutions for commercial refrigeration at low temperature: Fluids and systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 133-142.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:138:y:2015:i:c:p:133-142
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.069
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914011192
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.069?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sánchez, D. & Cabello, R. & Llopis, R. & Torrella, E., 2012. "Development and validation of a finite element model for water – CO2 coaxial gas-coolers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 637-647.
    2. Llopis, R. & Torrella, E. & Cabello, R. & Sánchez, D., 2010. "Performance evaluation of R404A and R507A refrigerant mixtures in an experimental double-stage vapour compression plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(5), pages 1546-1553, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Megdouli, K. & Ejemni, N. & Nahdi, E. & Mhimid, A. & Kairouani, L., 2017. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel ejector expansion transcritical CO2/N2O cascade refrigeration (NEETCR) system for cooling applications at low temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 586-600.
    2. Chen, Longxiang & Liu, Xi & Ye, Kai & Xie, Meina & Lan, Wenchao, 2023. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an integration system of multi-effect desalination (MED) with ice storage based on a heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    3. Muhammad Zahid Saeed & Luca Contiero & Stefanie Blust & Yosr Allouche & Armin Hafner & Trygve Magne Eikevik, 2023. "Ultra-Low-Temperature Refrigeration Systems: A Review and Performance Comparison of Refrigerants and Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-31, October.
    4. Rami Mansouri & Baby-Jean Robert Mungyeko Bisulandu & Adrian Ilinca, 2023. "Assessing Energy Performance and Environmental Impact of Low GWP Vapor Compression Chilled Water Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Yulong Song & Hongsheng Xie & Mengying Yang & Xiangyu Wei & Feng Cao & Xiang Yin, 2023. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Refrigerant Charging Amount on the Global Performance of a Transcritical CO 2 -Based Bus Air Conditioning and Heat Pump System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    6. Chen, Yi & Han, Wei & Jin, Hongguang, 2017. "Proposal and analysis of a novel heat-driven absorption–compression refrigeration system at low temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 2106-2116.
    7. Jesús Catalán-Gil & Daniel Sánchez & Rodrigo Llopis & Laura Nebot-Andrés & Ramón Cabello, 2018. "Energy Evaluation of Multiple Stage Commercial Refrigeration Architectures Adapted to F-Gas Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-31, July.
    8. Sun, Zhili & Liang, Youcai & Liu, Shengchun & Ji, Weichuan & Zang, Runqing & Liang, Rongzhen & Guo, Zhikai, 2016. "Comparative analysis of thermodynamic performance of a cascade refrigeration system for refrigerant couples R41/R404A and R23/R404A," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 19-25.
    9. Xinyu Meng & Yijian He & Lijuan He & Chenlei Zhao & Lifang Wang & Wenxi You & Jingbo Zhu, 2024. "A Review of the Energy-Saving Potential of Phase Change Material-Based Cascaded Refrigeration Systems in Chinese Food Cold Chain Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-28, September.
    10. Purohit, Nilesh & Sharma, Vishaldeep & Sawalha, Samer & Fricke, Brian & Llopis, Rodrigo & Dasgupta, Mani Sankar, 2018. "Integrated supermarket refrigeration for very high ambient temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 572-590.
    11. Sun, Zhili & Wang, Qifan & Xie, Zhiyuan & Liu, Shengchun & Su, Dandan & Cui, Qi, 2019. "Energy and exergy analysis of low GWP refrigerants in cascade refrigeration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1170-1180.
    12. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Guo, Zhikai & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "Experimental energetic analysis of CO2/R41 blends in automobile air-conditioning and heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1142-1153.
    13. Huang, Tao & Bacher, Peder & Møller, Jan Kloppenborg & D’Ettorre, Francesco & Markussen, Wiebke Brix, 2023. "A step towards digital operations—A novel grey-box approach for modelling the heat dynamics of ultra-low temperature freezing chambers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    14. Song, Yulong & Wang, Haidan & Ma, Yuan & Yin, Xiang & Cao, Feng, 2022. "Energetic, economic, environmental investigation of carbon dioxide as the refrigeration alternative in new energy bus/railway vehicles’ air conditioning systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    15. Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & Barbosa, Jader R. & Makhnatch, Pavel & Lozano, Jaime A., 2020. "Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qureshi, Bilal A. & Inam, Muhammad & Antar, Mohamed A. & Zubair, Syed M., 2013. "Experimental energetic analysis of a vapor compression refrigeration system with dedicated mechanical sub-cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1035-1041.
    2. Seo, Dong-yeon & Koo, Choongwan & Hong, Taehoon, 2015. "A Lagrangian finite element model for estimating the heating and cooling demand of a residential building with a different envelope design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 66-79.
    3. Daniel Sánchez & Jesús Catalán-Gil & Ramón Cabello & Daniel Calleja-Anta & Rodrigo Llopis & Laura Nebot-Andrés, 2020. "Experimental Analysis and Optimization of an R744 Transcritical Cycle Working with a Mechanical Subcooling System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Sun, Zhili & Liang, Youcai & Liu, Shengchun & Ji, Weichuan & Zang, Runqing & Liang, Rongzhen & Guo, Zhikai, 2016. "Comparative analysis of thermodynamic performance of a cascade refrigeration system for refrigerant couples R41/R404A and R23/R404A," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 19-25.
    5. Torrella, E. & Larumbe, J.A. & Cabello, R. & Llopis, R. & Sanchez, D., 2011. "A general methodology for energy comparison of intermediate configurations in two-stage vapour compression refrigeration systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4119-4124.
    6. Qureshi, Bilal Ahmed & Zubair, Syed M., 2012. "The impact of fouling on performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system with integrated mechanical sub-cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 750-762.
    7. Francisco B. Lamas & Vítor A. F. Costa, 2022. "The Role of the Compressor Isentropic Efficiency in Non-Intrusive Refrigerant Side Characterization of Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heaters," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-9, August.
    8. Biagio Bianchi & Giuseppe Cavone & Gianpaolo Cice & Antonia Tamborrino & Marialuisa Amodio & Imperatrice Capotorto & Pasquale Catalano, 2015. "CO 2 Employment as Refrigerant Fluid with a Low Environmental Impact. Experimental Tests on Arugula and Design Criteria for a Test Bench," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-19, March.
    9. J. Catalán-Gil & L. Nebot-Andrés & D. Sánchez & R. Llopis & R. Cabello & D. Calleja-Anta, 2020. "Improvements in CO 2 Booster Architectures with Different Economizer Arrangements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-29, March.
    10. Ge, Y.T. & Tassou, S.A. & Suamir, I.N., 2013. "Prediction and analysis of the seasonal performance of tri-generation and CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 898-906.
    11. Rajib Uddin Rony & Huojun Yang & Sumathy Krishnan & Jongchul Song, 2019. "Recent Advances in Transcritical CO 2 (R744) Heat Pump System: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-35, January.
    12. Jesús Catalán-Gil & Daniel Sánchez & Rodrigo Llopis & Laura Nebot-Andrés & Ramón Cabello, 2018. "Energy Evaluation of Multiple Stage Commercial Refrigeration Architectures Adapted to F-Gas Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-31, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cascade; Two-stage; Low GWP; TEWI; Energy efficiency; R152a;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:138:y:2015:i:c:p:133-142. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.