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Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using magnetic ionic liquid: Multi-objective optimization and kinetic study

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  • Mohammad Fauzi, Ahmad Hafiidz
  • Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina
  • Mat, Ramli

Abstract

The esterification of oleic acid in the presence of magnetic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([BMIM][FeCl4]) at reaction temperature of 65°C has been investigated. Artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) was used to simultaneously optimized methyl oleate yield and oleic acid conversion for the reaction. It was found that optimum responses for both yield and conversion were 83.4%, which can be achieved using molar ratio methanol–oleic acid of 22:1, catalyst loading of 0.003mol and reaction time at 3.6h. Esterification of oleic acid at optimum condition using recycled [BMIM][FeCl4] registered not much loss in catalytic activity after six successive runs. Kinetic study indicated that the reaction followed a pseudo-first order reaction, with activation energy and pre-activation energy of 17.97kJ/mol and 181.62min−1, respectively. These values were relatively low compared to homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts for esterification of oleic acid. Thus, [BMIM][FeCl4] is a promising new type of catalyst for conversion of high free fatty acid (FFA) feeds to biodiesel.

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  • Mohammad Fauzi, Ahmad Hafiidz & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Mat, Ramli, 2014. "Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using magnetic ionic liquid: Multi-objective optimization and kinetic study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 809-818.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:114:y:2014:i:c:p:809-818
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.011
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    5. Yeong, S.P. & Law, M.C. & You, K.Y. & Chan, Y.S. & Lee, V.C.-C., 2019. "A coupled electromagnetic-thermal-fluid-kinetic model for microwave-assisted production of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate biodiesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 457-475.
    6. Zahedi, Ali Reza & Mirnezami, Seyed Abolfazl, 2020. "Experimental analysis of biomass to biodiesel conversion using a novel renewable combined cycle system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1177-1194.
    7. Manieniyan, V. & Vinodhini, G. & Senthilkumar, R. & Sivaprakasam, S., 2016. "Wear element analysis using neural networks of a DI diesel engine using biodiesel with exhaust gas recirculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 603-612.
    8. Zhang, Heng & Li, Hu & Pan, Hu & Wang, Anping & Souzanchi, Sadra & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Yang, Song, 2018. "Magnetically recyclable acidic polymeric ionic liquids decorated with hydrophobic regulators as highly efficient and stable catalysts for biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 416-429.
    9. Gong, Shu-wen & Lu, Jing & Wang, Hong-hong & Liu, Li-jun & Zhang, Qian, 2014. "Biodiesel production via esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by picolinic acid modified 12-tungstophosphoric acid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 283-289.
    10. Xiao, Hanjie & Li, Yizhe & Wang, Hua, 2017. "A stochastic kinetic study of preparing fatty acid from rapeseed oil via subcritical hydrolysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1084-1093.
    11. Troter, Dragan Z. & Todorović, Zoran B. & Đokić-Stojanović, Dušica R. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljković, Vlada B., 2016. "Application of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 473-500.
    12. Liu, Kang & Wang, Rui & Yu, Meiqing, 2018. "An efficient, recoverable solid base catalyst of magnetic bamboo charcoal: Preparation, characterization, and performance in biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 531-538.
    13. Dai, Qiqi & Yang, Zifei & Li, Jin & Cao, Yang & Tang, Hongbiao & Wei, Xiaocui, 2021. "Zirconium-based MOFs-loaded ionic liquid-catalyzed preparation of biodiesel from Jatropha oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1588-1594.
    14. Ibrahim, Muna Hassan & Hayyan, Maan & Hashim, Mohd Ali & Hayyan, Adeeb, 2017. "The role of ionic liquids in desulfurization of fuels: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1534-1549.

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