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High free fatty acid coconut oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Thailand

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  • Nakpong, Piyanuch
  • Wootthikanokkhan, Sasiwimol

Abstract

Coconut oil having 12.8% free fatty acid (FFA) was used as a feedstock to produce biodiesel by a two-step process. In the first step, FFA level of the coconut oil was reduced to 0.6% by acid-catalyzed esterification. In the second step, triglycerides in product from the first step were transesterified with methanol by using an alkaline catalyst to produce methyl esters and glycerol. Effect of parameters related to these processes was studied and optimized, including methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Methyl ester content of the coconut biodiesel was determined by GC to be 98.4% under the optimum condition. The viscosity of coconut biodiesel product was very close to that of Thai petroleum diesel and other measured properties met the Thai biodiesel (B100) specification.

Suggested Citation

  • Nakpong, Piyanuch & Wootthikanokkhan, Sasiwimol, 2010. "High free fatty acid coconut oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Thailand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1682-1687.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:8:p:1682-1687
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.12.004
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    12. Rajesh, K. & Natarajan, M.P. & Devan, P.K. & Ponnuvel, S., 2021. "Coconut fatty acid distillate as novel feedstock for biodiesel production and its characterization as a fuel for diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1424-1435.
    13. Jahirul, M.I. & Rasul, M.G. & Brown, R.J. & Senadeera, W. & Hosen, M.A. & Haque, R. & Saha, S.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2021. "Investigation of correlation between chemical composition and properties of biodiesel using principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 632-646.
    14. Ong, H.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Norhasyima, R.S., 2011. "Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 3501-3515.
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    18. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
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