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Production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from steelmaking slag for fixation of CO2

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  • Said, Arshe
  • Mattila, Hannu-Petteri
  • Järvinen, Mika
  • Zevenhoven, Ron

Abstract

Producing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from steelmaking slag is a technology that contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from iron and steel industries. While the carbon dioxide emissions from the sector are large, it could benefit from this option by utilizing its own by-products, i.e. steelmaking slags for fixation of CO2. Since the calcium content of the steelmaking slag is high, a calcium carbonate precipitate can be produced with the method which we have recently developed, and, if fulfilling the requirements (e.g. purity and crystal shape), it can be utilized as PCC. Therefore, the objective of this study is to further evaluate the feasibility of this method. Calcium was extracted selectively from the slag with aqueous solution of ammonium salt (NH4NO3, CH3COONH4 or NH4Cl) in an extraction reactor. After removal of the residual slag, the calcium-rich solution reacted with CO2 in a carbonation reactor producing PCC. Based on the experimental results, the slag’s grain size has a clear effect on the calcium extraction efficiency; the smaller the steel converter slag’s grain size, the larger the surface area, and the better the mass transfer rate which in turn results in a higher extraction efficiency. Grinding to smaller sizes is therefore one strategy towards improved efficiencies and chemical conversion rates. Solid to liquid ratio is another important parameter for improving extraction efficiency. The smallest solid to liquid ratio 5g/l resulted in the maximum calcium extraction efficiency (73%) while the highest solid to liquid ratio 100g/l resulted in the lowest extraction efficiency (6%). Consequently this option will be operationally expensive because of larger reactor volumes. The PCC produced from the calcium rich solution is comparable to the PCC produced with conventional methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Said, Arshe & Mattila, Hannu-Petteri & Järvinen, Mika & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2013. "Production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from steelmaking slag for fixation of CO2," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 765-771.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:112:y:2013:i:c:p:765-771
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.042
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sanni Eloneva & Pekka Mannisto & Arshe Said & Carl‐Johan Fogelholm & Ron Zevenhoven, 2011. "Ammonium salt‐based steelmaking slag carbonation: Precipitation of CaCO 3 and ammonia losses assessment," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 1(4), pages 305-311, December.
    2. Kodama, Satoshi & Nishimoto, Taiki & Yamamoto, Naoki & Yogo, Katsunori & Yamada, Koichi, 2008. "Development of a new pH-swing CO2 mineralization process with a recyclable reaction solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 776-784.
    3. Sanna, Aimaro & Dri, Marco & Hall, Matthew R. & Maroto-Valer, Mercedes, 2012. "Waste materials for carbon capture and storage by mineralisation (CCSM) – A UK perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 545-554.
    4. Eloneva, Sanni & Said, Arshe & Fogelholm, Carl-Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2012. "Preliminary assessment of a method utilizing carbon dioxide and steelmaking slags to produce precipitated calcium carbonate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 329-334.
    5. Teir, Sebastian & Eloneva, Sanni & Fogelholm, Carl-Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2007. "Dissolution of steelmaking slags in acetic acid for precipitated calcium carbonate production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 528-539.
    6. Teir, Sebastian & Eloneva, Sanni & Fogelholm, Carl-Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2009. "Fixation of carbon dioxide by producing hydromagnesite from serpentinite," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 214-218, February.
    7. Eloneva, Sanni & Teir, Sebastian & Salminen, Justin & Fogelholm, Carl-Johan & Zevenhoven, Ron, 2008. "Fixation of CO2 by carbonating calcium derived from blast furnace slag," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1461-1467.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Yuan & Zhu, Lei, 2014. "Cost of energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction in China’s iron and steel sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 603-616.
    2. Paulina Rusanowska & Marcin Zieliński & Marcin Dębowski, 2023. "Removal of CO 2 from Biogas during Mineral Carbonation with Waste Materials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Wu, Xuecheng & Zhao, Liang & Zhang, Yongxin & Zhao, Lingjie & Zheng, Chenghang & Gao, Xiang & Cen, Kefa, 2016. "Cost and potential of energy conservation and collaborative pollutant reduction in the iron and steel industry in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 171-183.
    4. Xuewen Song & Yuxin Tuo & Dan Li & Xinrui Hua & Ruomeng Wang & Jiwei Xue & Renhe Yang & Xianzhong Bu & Xianping Luo, 2023. "A Green Approach to Preparing Vaterite CaCO 3 for Clean Utilization of Steamed Ammonia Liquid Waste and CO 2 Mineralization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Li, Hongwei & Tang, Zhigang & Li, Na & Cui, Longpeng & Mao, Xian-zhong, 2020. "Mechanism and process study on steel slag enhancement for CO2 capture by seawater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    6. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Chiang, Pen-Chi & Chen, Yi-Hung & Tan, Chung-Sung & Chang, E.-E., 2014. "Kinetics of carbonation reaction of basic oxygen furnace slags in a rotating packed bed using the surface coverage model: Maximization of carbonation conversion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 267-276.
    7. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Lorente Lafuente, Ana Maria & Chiang, Pen-Chi, 2016. "Engineering, environmental and economic performance evaluation of high-gravity carbonation process for carbon capture and utilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 269-277.
    8. Wang, Honglin & Liu, Yanrong & Laaksonen, Aatto & Krook-Riekkola, Anna & Yang, Zhuhong & Lu, Xiaohua & Ji, Xiaoyan, 2020. "Carbon recycling – An immense resource and key to a smart climate engineering: A survey of technologies, cost and impurity impact," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    9. Said, Arshe & Laukkanen, Timo & Järvinen, Mika, 2016. "Pilot-scale experimental work on carbon dioxide sequestration using steelmaking slag," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 602-611.
    10. Jo, Hoyong & Lee, Min-Gu & Park, Jinwon & Jung, Kwang-Deog, 2017. "Preparation of high-purity nano-CaCO3 from steel slag," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 884-894.
    11. Ren, Shan & Aldahri, Tahani & Liu, Weizao & Liang, Bin, 2021. "CO2 mineral sequestration by using blast furnace slag: From batch to continuous experiments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).

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