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Sodicity and salinity in a Brazilian Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane irrigated with wastewater

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  • Leal, Rafael Marques Pereira
  • Herpin, Uwe
  • Fonseca, Adriel Ferreira da
  • Firme, Lilian Pittol
  • Montes, Célia Regina
  • Melfi, Adolpho José

Abstract

Changes in soil sodicity-salinity parameters are one of the most characteristic alterations after treated sewage effluent (TSE) irrigation in agro-systems. Considering the importance of these parameters for agricultural management, as well as the economical value of sugarcane for Brazil, the present study aimed at evaluating effects on soil sodicity and salinity under tropical conditions over 16 months of TSE irrigation in a sugarcane plantation at Lins, São Paulo State, Brazil. Soil samplings were carried out in February 2005 (before planting), December 2005 (after 8 months of TSE irrigation) and September 2006 (after 16 months of TSE irrigation) following a complete block design with four treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of: (i) control, without TSE irrigation; (ii) T100, T150 and T200, with TSE irrigation supplying 100% (0% surplus, total of 2524 mm), 150% (50% surplus, total of 3832 mm) and 200% (100% surplus, total of 5092 mm) of crop water demand, respectively. Compared to initial soil conditions, at the end of the experiment increases of exchangeable sodium (from 2.4 to 5.9 mmolc kg-1), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (from 8 to 18%), soluble Na (from 1.4 to 4.7 mmol L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil solution (from 3.6 to 12.6 (mmol L-1)0.5) were found in the soil profile (0-100 cm) as an average for the irrigated plots due to high SAR of TSE. Associated with the increments were mostly significant increases in clay dispersion rates at depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm. Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution increased during the TSE irrigation period whereas at the end of the experiment, after short term discontinuation of irrigation and harvest, EC in the topsoil (0-10 and 10-20 cm) decreased compared to the previous samplings. Moreover, despite increasing sodicity over time mainly insignificant differences within the different irrigated treatments were found in December 2005 and September 2006. This suggests that independent of varying irrigation amounts the increasing soil sodicity over time were rather caused by the continuous use of TSE than by its quantity applied. Moreover, also plant productivity showed no significant differences within the TSE irrigated plots. The study indicates that monitoring as well as remediation of soil after TSE irrigation is required for a sustainable TSE use in order to maintain agricultural quality parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Leal, Rafael Marques Pereira & Herpin, Uwe & Fonseca, Adriel Ferreira da & Firme, Lilian Pittol & Montes, Célia Regina & Melfi, Adolpho José, 2009. "Sodicity and salinity in a Brazilian Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane irrigated with wastewater," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 307-316, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:96:y:2009:i:2:p:307-316
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    1. Herpin, Uwe & Gloaguen, Thomas Vincent & da Fonseca, Adriel Ferreira & Montes, Celia Regina & Mendonca, Fernando Campos & Piveli, Roque Passos & Breulmann, Gerhard & Forti, Maria Cristina & Melfi, Ado, 2007. "Chemical effects on the soil-plant system in a secondary treated wastewater irrigated coffee plantation--A pilot field study in Brazil," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(1-2), pages 105-115, April.
    2. Gloaguen, Thomas V. & Forti, M.-Cristina & Lucas, Yves & Montes, Celia R. & Goncalves, Roberta A.B. & Herpin, Uwe & Melfi, Adolpho J., 2007. "Soil solution chemistry of a Brazilian Oxisol irrigated with treated sewage effluent," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(1-3), pages 119-131, March.
    3. Toze, Simon, 2006. "Reuse of effluent water--benefits and risks," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 80(1-3), pages 147-159, February.
    4. da Fonseca, Adriel Ferreira & Melfi, Adolpho Jose & Monteiro, Francisco Antonio & Montes, Celia Regina & Almeida, Vagner Vidal de & Herpin, Uwe, 2007. "Treated sewage effluent as a source of water and nitrogen for Tifton 85 bermudagrass," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(3), pages 328-336, February.
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