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Biochar effects on soil nitrogen retention, leaching and yield of perennial citron daylily under three irrigation regimes

Author

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  • Sun, Xiaolei
  • Yang, Xiaosong
  • Hu, Zhengyi
  • Liu, Fulai
  • Xie, Zijian
  • Li, Songyan
  • Wang, Guoxi
  • Li, Meng
  • Sun, Zheng
  • Bol, Roland

Abstract

Biochar can serve as a soil amendment to immobilize soil nitrogen (N) and reduce N leaching from cropland without negative effect on crop yield. However, the interaction effect of biochar application and irrigation regimes on soil N status (N retention and N loss) and crop yield is rarely reported in the open perennial vegetable field. A two-years field trial (transplanting in first year and consecutive growth in second year) was conducted in citron daylily vegetable cropping system on a sandy brown alluvial soil. Two biochar application rates (0 and 30 t ha−1) and three irrigation regimes (CDI, conventional drip irrigation; WSDI, water-saving drip irrigation with 80% of full irrigation quota; APRDI, alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation with 80% of full irrigation quota) were included. The response of crop yield and soil N status to both biochar application and irrigation regimes varied across planting years for perennial citron daylily. After the first planting year's harvest, APRDI enhanced flower bud yield by 18–28% compared to CDI and WSDI, likely due to improved nitrate use efficiency evidenced by lower soil nitrate retention in the surface soil (0–20 cm) post-harvest. However, biochar application resulted in a reduction of yield by 27% under APRDI. Additionally, WSDI with reduced yields, decreased soil TN in the sub-surface layer (20–50 cm) with 9–19% by comparison with other two irrigation regimes, resulting in higher TN concentration in the soil solution (14–28%) in and thus an increased risk for N leaching. However, after the second harvest year, there were no variations in crop yield induced by biochar application and irrigation regimes. Irrigation regimes exhibited limited influence on soil N status, while biochar application mitigated soil nitrogen decline in the 0–50 cm layer by enhancing organic nitrogen retention capacity for nearly 16–85%. Furthermore, the lowest TN concentration in the soil solution in the sub-surface layer (20–50 cm) with biochar application under APRDI suggested a reduced risk for N leaching. We conclude that combining biochar application with the APRDI regime could help retain soil N, decrease the risk of N leaching, and enhance crop yield in total for two consecutive planting years. Therefore, this approach is recommended for sustainable N management in long-term planting of perennial crops.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Xiaolei & Yang, Xiaosong & Hu, Zhengyi & Liu, Fulai & Xie, Zijian & Li, Songyan & Wang, Guoxi & Li, Meng & Sun, Zheng & Bol, Roland, 2024. "Biochar effects on soil nitrogen retention, leaching and yield of perennial citron daylily under three irrigation regimes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:296:y:2024:i:c:s0378377424001239
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108788
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