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Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo–Gangetic Plains of India

Author

Listed:
  • Sheoran, Parvender
  • Basak, Nirmalendu
  • Kumar, Ashwani
  • Yadav, R.K.
  • Singh, Randhir
  • Sharma, Raman
  • Kumar, Satyendra
  • Singh, Ranjay K.
  • Sharma, P.C.

Abstract

This work evaluates the combine efficacy of chemical (gypsum, Gyp) and/or organic (pressmud, PM) amendments with salt-tolerant varieties (STVs) for ameliorating the deleterious effects of bicarbonate dominated residual alkalinity in irrigation water (RSCiw) on changes in soil properties, plant adaptation mechanisms and crop performance of rice-wheat system (RWS) in Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains. Continuous irrigation with high RSCiw gradually increased the soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and reduced rice and wheat productivity by 16 and 14%, respectively. Use of Gyp and PM ameliorated RSCiw improved physiological traits of both crops under stress conditions through significant improvement in relative water content (RWC, 6 and 10%); photosynthetic efficiency (Pn, 40 and 36 %); stomatal conductance (gS, 46 and 52%); transpiration rate (E, 72 and 45%); chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, 13 and 12%); photon quantum yield (YII, 12 and 6%) and reduced membrane injury index (MII, 23 and 17%) and ionic concentration of Na+/K+ in shoot (48 and 37%) and root (45 and 37%). Highest rice (3.42 t ha−1) and wheat (4.30 t ha−1) yields were realized with Gyp + PM ameliorated RSCiw elucidating ∼25% yield advantage compared to unamended control. With increased RSCiw, STVs of aromatic rice (CSR 30 Basmati) and wheat (KRL 210) exhibited better performance owing to lesser yield reduction (12 and 11%) compared to traditional rice (PB 1121; 18%) and wheat (HD 2967; 16%) varieties. This study suggests that growing of STVs with Gyp + PM ameliorated RSC waters can mitigate adverse effects of RSCiw on soil health, improve agro-physiological adaptation and sustain the productivity of RWS. Field applicability of PM as soil ameliorant can help to address its safer disposal vis-a-vis potential alternative to gypsum in long-run. These results can be extended to larger areas undergoing high RSCiw induced soil sodification, further mitigating land and environment degradation in salt affected areas of India and similar agro-ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Sheoran, Parvender & Basak, Nirmalendu & Kumar, Ashwani & Yadav, R.K. & Singh, Randhir & Sharma, Raman & Kumar, Satyendra & Singh, Ranjay K. & Sharma, P.C., 2021. "Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo–Gangetic Plains of India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:243:y:2021:i:c:s0378377420308544
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106492
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. Qadir & E. Quillérou & V. Nangia & G. Murtaza & M. Singh & R.J. Thomas & P. Drechsel & A.D. Noble, 2014. "Economics of salt‐induced land degradation and restoration," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 0(4), pages 282-295, November.
    2. M. Qadir & E. Quillérou & V. Nangia & G. Murtaza & M. Singh & R.J. Thomas & P. Drechsel & A.D. Noble, 2014. "Economics of salt‐induced land degradation and restoration," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 0(4), pages 282-295, November.
    3. Koo, J. W. & Edling, R. J. & Taylor, V., 1990. "A laboratory reclamation study for sodic soils used for rice production," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 243-252, September.
    4. Chaganti, Vijayasatya N. & Crohn, David M. & Šimůnek, Jirka, 2015. "Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline–sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 255-265.
    5. Minhas, P.S. & Qadir, Manzoor & Yadav, R.K., 2019. "Groundwater irrigation induced soil sodification and response options," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 74-85.
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    1. Danni Han & Chao Chen & Fan Wang & Wenping Li & Hao Peng & Qiu Jin & Bo Bi & Hiba Shaghaleh & Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, 2023. "Effects of Subsurface Pipe Drainage Spacing on Soil Salinity Movement in Jiangsu Coastal Reclamation Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Parvender Sheoran & Arvind Kumar & Raman Sharma & Kailash Prajapat & Ashwani Kumar & Arijit Barman & R. Raju & Satyendra Kumar & Yousuf Jaffer Dar & Ranjay K. Singh & Satish Kumar Sanwal & Rajender Ku, 2021. "Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.

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