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Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline–sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water

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  • Chaganti, Vijayasatya N.
  • Crohn, David M.
  • Šimůnek, Jirka

Abstract

Remediating saline–sodic soils with organic amendments is increasingly seen as a cheaper and sustainable alternative to inorganic materials. The reclamation potential of biochar, biosolids and greenwaste composts applied to a saline–sodic soil was evaluated in a laboratory leaching experiment using moderate SAR reclaimed water. Treatments included biochar, biosolids co-compost, greenwaste compost (all applied at a 75tha−1 rate), gypsum (50% soil gypsum requirement), biochar+gypsum, biosolids+gypsum, greenwaste+gypsum and a non-amended control. All treatments were subjected to a one month incubation after which, soils were filled in columns and leached using reclaimed water until 7PV of water had passed. Cumulative leachate losses of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were evaluated in addition to soil properties after leaching. Results show that leaching with moderate SAR water was effective in reducing the soil salinity and sodicity of all soils, irrespective of amendment application. However, incorporating biochar and composts significantly enhanced this effect. Salt leaching was higher in soils treated with organic amendments. Cumulative leachate losses of cations were significantly higher from biochar and compost treated soils compared to gypsum and unamended controls. Improvements in soil aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity were prominent in compost treated soils. After leaching, soil analyses indicated that organic amendments lowered significantly more soil ECe, ESP and SAR than that of the control soils and saturated the exchange complex with Ca2+. Soil pH was significantly reduced and CEC was significantly increased in only compost treated soils. Although individual organic amendment applications proved to be significant enough to remediate a saline–sodic soil, combined applications of gypsum and organic amendments were more effective in improving soil properties directly related to sodium removal including sodium leaching, hydraulic conductivity, ESP, and SAR, and therefore could have a supplementary benefit of accelerating the reclamation process.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaganti, Vijayasatya N. & Crohn, David M. & Šimůnek, Jirka, 2015. "Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline–sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 255-265.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:158:y:2015:i:c:p:255-265
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.016
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    4. Cao, Yune & Gao, Yanming & Li, Jianshe & Tian, Yongqiang, 2019. "Straw composts, gypsum and their mixtures enhance tomato yields under continuous saline water irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Fibrianty Minhal & Azwar Ma'as & Eko Hanudin & Putu Sudira, 2020. "Improvement of the chemical properties and buffering capacity of coastal sandy soil as affected by clays and organic by-product application," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 15(2), pages 93-100.
    6. Yue Zhang & Shihao Miao & Yang Song & Xudong Wang & Feng Jin, 2024. "Biochar Application Reduces Saline–Alkali Stress by Improving Soil Functions and Regulating the Diversity and Abundance of Soil Bacterial Community in Highly Saline–Alkali Paddy Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Das, Bianca T. & Menzies, Neal W. & Dalzell, Scott A. & McKenna, Brigid A. & Kopittke, Peter M., 2022. "Avoiding the point of no return: Maintaining infiltration to remediate saline-sodic Vertosols in high rainfall environments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    8. María Alcívar & Andrés Zurita-Silva & Marco Sandoval & Cristina Muñoz & Mauricio Schoebitz, 2018. "Reclamation of Saline–Sodic Soils with Combined Amendments: Impact on Quinoa Performance and Biological Soil Quality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, August.
    9. Xin Chen & Li Liu & Qinyan Yang & Huanan Xu & Guoqing Shen & Qincheng Chen, 2024. "Optimizing Biochar Application Rates to Improve Soil Properties and Crop Growth in Saline–Alkali Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Song, Changji & Song, Jingru & Wu, Qiang & Shen, Xiaojun & Hu, Yawei & Hu, Caihong & Li, Wenhao & Wang, Zhenhua, 2023. "Effects of applying river sediment with irrigation water on salinity leaching during wheat-maize rotation in the Yellow River Delta," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    11. Sheoran, Parvender & Basak, Nirmalendu & Kumar, Ashwani & Yadav, R.K. & Singh, Randhir & Sharma, Raman & Kumar, Satyendra & Singh, Ranjay K. & Sharma, P.C., 2021. "Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo–Gangetic Plains of India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    12. Chaganti, Vijayasatya N. & Ganjegunte, Girisha & Niu, Genhua & Ulery, April & Flynn, Robert & Enciso, Juan M. & Meki, Manyowa N. & Kiniry, James R., 2020. "Effects of treated urban wastewater irrigation on bioenergy sorghum and soil quality," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).

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