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Reducing ventilation requirements in semi-closed greenhouses increases water use efficiency

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  • Katsoulas, N.
  • Sapounas, A.
  • De Zwart, F.
  • Dieleman, J.A.
  • Stanghellini, C.

Abstract

We explore an under-appreciated side effect of semi-closed greenhouses: the ability to recover transpired water, thereby increasing water use efficiency. Semi-closed greenhouses are fit with cooling equipment, to limit natural ventilation requirements for temperature and humidity control. We assess the effect of cooling system capacity on ventilation needs of semi-closed greenhouses under different climate conditions and provide a general framework to evaluate potential water savings using the semi-closed greenhouse concept in different regions. We simulate greenhouse climate and crop yields for various cooling system capacities in Central Europe (The Netherlands) and Mediterranean (Greece and Algeria) by implementing a “cooling module” into an existing greenhouse model (KASPRO) and validating it using concurrent experimental data. Increasing the capacity of the cooling system has a double effect on water use efficiency (WUE): increase of fruit yield due to improved microclimate and lower water use, due to collection and reuse of vapour condensed in the heat exchanger and, to a lesser extent, lower crop transpiration. Thus WUE is strongly associated to the capacity of the cooling system. Finally, we show that there is a unique relationship between water use efficiency and the coupling of greenhouse environment to the outside air (an indicator of ventilation requirements), for all regions studied.

Suggested Citation

  • Katsoulas, N. & Sapounas, A. & De Zwart, F. & Dieleman, J.A. & Stanghellini, C., 2015. "Reducing ventilation requirements in semi-closed greenhouses increases water use efficiency," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 90-99.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:156:y:2015:i:c:p:90-99
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Graamans, Luuk & van den Dobbelsteen, Andy & Meinen, Esther & Stanghellini, Cecilia, 2017. "Plant factories; crop transpiration and energy balance," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 138-147.
    2. Montero, J.I. & Baeza, E. & Heuvelink, E. & Rieradevall, J. & Muñoz, P. & Ercilla, M. & Stanghellini, C., 2017. "Productivity of a building-integrated roof top greenhouse in a Mediterranean climate," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 14-22.
    3. Zhang, Guanshan & Ding, Xiaoming & Li, Tianhua & Pu, Wenyang & Lou, Wei & Hou, Jialin, 2020. "Dynamic energy balance model of a glass greenhouse: An experimental validation and solar energy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    4. Hegazy, Anwar & Farid, Mohammed & Subiantoro, Alison & Norris, Stuart, 2022. "Sustainable cooling strategies to minimize water consumption in a greenhouse in a hot arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    5. Gauravkumar Gadhesaria & Chinmay Desai & Ravi Bhatt & Bashir Salah, 2020. "Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Environmental Condition Inside Greenhouse in Tropical Wet and Dry Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Graamans, Luuk & Baeza, Esteban & van den Dobbelsteen, Andy & Tsafaras, Ilias & Stanghellini, Cecilia, 2018. "Plant factories versus greenhouses: Comparison of resource use efficiency," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 31-43.
    7. Carotti, Laura & Pistillo, Alessandro & Zauli, Ilaria & Meneghello, Davide & Martin, Michael & Pennisi, Giuseppina & Gianquinto, Giorgio & Orsini, Francesco, 2023. "Improving water use efficiency in vertical farming: Effects of growing systems, far-red radiation and planting density on lettuce cultivation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    8. Iddio, E. & Wang, L. & Thomas, Y. & McMorrow, G. & Denzer, A., 2020. "Energy efficient operation and modeling for greenhouses: A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    9. Ben Ali, Rim & Bouadila, Salwa & Mami, Abdelkader, 2020. "Experimental validation of the dynamic thermal behavior of two types of agricultural greenhouses in the Mediterranean context," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 118-129.
    10. Tsafaras, I. & Campen, J.B. & de Zwart, H.F. & Voogt, W. & Harbi, A. Al & Assaf, K. Al & Abdelaziz, M.E. & Qaryouti, M. & Stanghellini, C., 2022. "Quantifying the trade-off between water and electricity for tomato production in arid environments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    11. Tsafaras, I. & Campen, J.B. & Stanghellini, C. & de Zwart, H.F. & Voogt, W. & Scheffers, K. & Harbi, A. Al & Assaf, K. Al, 2021. "Intelligent greenhouse design decreases water use for evaporative cooling in arid regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).

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