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Effects of deficit irrigation in different fruit growth stages on ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit trees in semi-arid conditions

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  • Pérez-Pérez, J.G.
  • Robles, J.M.
  • Botía, P.

Abstract

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) has increased in importance as a crop species in the south-east of Spain in recent years. In spite of the fact that grapefruit is well adapted to semi-arid conditions, the irrigation necessities for fresh fruit production continue to be very high. The scarcity of water resources forces citrus growers to optimise their water use by using deficit irrigation (DI) strategies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity to DI applied during different fruit growth stages of 14-year-old ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit grafted on ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort.), regarding water relations, trunk growth, yield and fruit quality. The experiment was carried out over two years in an experimental orchard located in Torre Pacheco (Murcia, south-eastern Spain). There were four irrigation treatments; Control (100% crop evapotranspiration – ETc) and three DI treatments (50% ETc) applied only during different fruit growth stages; DIPh-I (Phase I – cell division), DIPh-II (Phase II – cell elongation) and DIPh-III (Phase III – final fruit-growth period, ripening and harvest). The midday stem water potential (Ψmd) values of DIPh-I and DIPh-III were influenced by the rainfall regime in both years, whereas the Ψmd of DIPh-II was decreased and remained lower throughout the study period. Annual trunk growth was reduced only by the DIPh-I treatment; although the DIPh-II treatment decreased trunk growth during phase II it was relieved after the recovery period (during phase III). The main effects of both the DIPh-I and DIPh-III treatments were related with changes in fruit quality parameters; DIPh-I reduced the percentage of juice and DIPh-III affected negatively the peel colour when the water stress was moderate. However, the effects of DIPh-II were more drastic, decreasing yield due to smaller fruits, altering fruit composition, increasing the titratable acidity much more than the total soluble solids and affecting peel colour, therefore delaying fruit maturation.

Suggested Citation

  • Pérez-Pérez, J.G. & Robles, J.M. & Botía, P., 2014. "Effects of deficit irrigation in different fruit growth stages on ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit trees in semi-arid conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 44-54.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:133:y:2014:i:c:p:44-54
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.11.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ballester, C. & Castel, J. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R., 2011. "Response of Clementina de Nules citrus trees to summer deficit irrigation. Yield components and fruit composition," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 1027-1032, April.
    2. García-Tejero, I. & Romero-Vicente, R. & Jiménez-Bocanegra, J.A. & Martínez-García, G. & Durán-Zuazo, V.H. & Muriel-Fernández, J.L., 2010. "Response of citrus trees to deficit irrigation during different phenological periods in relation to yield, fruit quality, and water productivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(5), pages 689-699, May.
    3. Pérez-Pérez, J.G. & Robles, J.M. & Botía, P., 2009. "Influence of deficit irrigation in phase III of fruit growth on fruit quality in 'lane late' sweet orange," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(6), pages 969-974, June.
    4. Treeby, M.T. & Henriod, R.E. & Bevington, K.B. & Milne, D.J. & Storey, R., 2007. "Irrigation management and rootstock effects on navel orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] fruit quality," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(1-3), pages 24-32, July.
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    2. Kangqi Geng & Yanxia Zhang & Dangui Lv & Dongmei Li & Zhenping Wang, 2022. "Effects of water stress on the sugar accumulation and organic acid changes in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries," Horticultural Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 49(3), pages 164-178.
    3. Maestre-Valero, J.F. & Martin-Gorriz, B. & Alarcón, J.J. & Nicolas, E. & Martinez-Alvarez, V., 2016. "Economic feasibility of implementing regulated deficit irrigation with reclaimed water in a grapefruit orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 119-125.
    4. Pedrero, F. & Maestre-Valero, J.F. & Mounzer, O. & Nortes, P.A. & Alcobendas, R. & Romero-Trigueros, C. & Bayona, J.M. & Alarcón, J.J. & Nicolás, E., 2015. "Response of young ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit trees to regulated deficit irrigation with saline reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 51-60.
    5. Martínez-Gimeno, M.A. & Jiménez-Bello, M.A. & Lidón, A. & Manzano, J. & Badal, E. & Pérez-Pérez, J.G. & Bonet, L. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Esteban, A., 2020. "Mandarin irrigation scheduling by means of frequency domain reflectometry soil moisture monitoring," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    6. Robles, J.M. & Botía, P. & Pérez-Pérez, J.G., 2017. "Sour orange rootstock increases water productivity in deficit irrigated ‘Verna’ lemon trees compared with Citrus macrophylla," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 98-107.
    7. Pérez-Pérez, J.G. & Robles, J.M. & García-Sánchez, F. & Botía, P., 2016. "Comparison of deficit and saline irrigation strategies to confront water restriction in lemon trees grown in semi-arid regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 46-57.
    8. Robles, J.M. & Botía, P. & Pérez-Pérez, J.G, 2016. "Subsurface drip irrigation affects trunk diameter fluctuations in lemon trees, in comparison with surface drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 11-21.

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