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Efficienza ed efficacia della contrattazione integrativa aziendale. Una rassegna della letteratura empirica italiana

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  • Riccardo Leoni

Abstract

Gli studi empirici sull'efficacia della contrattazione integrativa rispetto alla performance aziendale e all'innovazione si sono concentrati sostanzialmente sulla stima di cinque funzioni: quella riguardante la probabilità di adottare o di avere in essere un contratto integrativo aziendale, e quelle sull'impatto di questo contratto sulla produttività, sull'occupazione, sul salario e infine sull'attività innovativa dell'impresa. Dal lavoro di rassegna emerge che i risultati delle varie stime sono affetti da una serie di distorsioni, che a volte persino si cumulano, dovute a: i) mancati controlli sull'endogenità di alcune variabili; ii) utilizzo di campioni poco rappresentativi; iii) variabili omesse; iv) assenza di adeguati ritardi temporali tra contratto integrativo e risultati; e infine v) al concentrarsi quasi esclusivamente (salvo eccezioni) sugli aspetti premiali (la cosiddetta "performance-related pay"), riducendo ingiustificatamente in una variabile dicotomica l'intero contenuto di uno o più contratti integrativi aziendali in essere, ignorando la varietà, la diversa numerosità e l'intensità delle materie negoziate. Se a ciò si aggiunge che gli incentivi non-pecuniari, le preferenze sociali e i possibili effetti di spiazzamento sono largamente ignorati, e che non c'è traccia alcuna della verifica dell'efficienza relativa delle varie tipologie incentivanti impiegate, emerge un quadro connotato da una conoscenza approssimativa, limitata e poco affidabile del ruolo della contrattazione integrativa aziendale nelle dinamiche dello sviluppo dell'impresa e del sistema economico nel suo complesso, lasciando il "policy maker" - che fra l'altro impegna notevoli risorse pubbliche per diffondere la contrattazione decentrata - senza adeguate indicazioni circa i nessi di causalità tra contratti e "outcomes".

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  • Riccardo Leoni, 2018. "Efficienza ed efficacia della contrattazione integrativa aziendale. Una rassegna della letteratura empirica italiana," Economia & lavoro, Carocci editore, issue 1, pages 131-170.
  • Handle: RePEc:caq:j950ix:doi:10.7384/90365:y:2018:i:1:p:131-170
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