IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/acctfi/v62y2022i4p4279-4344.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Real earnings management: A review of the international literature

Author

Listed:
  • Ahsan Habib
  • Dinithi Ranasinghe
  • Julia Yonghua Wu
  • Pallab Kumar Biswas
  • Fawad Ahmad

Abstract

We provide a systematic literature review of the determinants and consequences of real earnings management (REM) in an international context. We provide a theoretical framework for REM, the development of REM measures, and review the determinants of REM, categorising these into financial reporting, auditing, governance and controls, capital market incentives, and regulatory determinants. We then review the empirical literature on the consequences of REM. We provide some suggestions for future research on measurement issues related to REM, and on filling gaps in the empirical research investigating its determinants and consequences.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahsan Habib & Dinithi Ranasinghe & Julia Yonghua Wu & Pallab Kumar Biswas & Fawad Ahmad, 2022. "Real earnings management: A review of the international literature," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(4), pages 4279-4344, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:62:y:2022:i:4:p:4279-4344
    DOI: 10.1111/acfi.12968
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12968
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/acfi.12968?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ding, Rong & Li, Jialong & Wu, Zhenyu, 2018. "Government affiliation, real earnings management, and firm performance: The case of privately held firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 138-150.
    2. Garen Markarian & Juan Santalo´, 2014. "Product Market Competition, Information and Earnings Management," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5-6), pages 572-599, June.
    3. Roger C.Y. Chen & Shih‐Wei Hung, 2021. "Exploring the impact of corporate social responsibility on real earning management and discretionary accruals," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(1), pages 333-351, January.
    4. Inder K. Khurana & Raynolde Pereira & Eliza (Xia) Zhang, 2018. "Is Real Earnings Smoothing Harmful? Evidence from Firm‐Specific Stock Price Crash Risk," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(1), pages 558-587, March.
    5. Frederick L. Bereskin & Po‐Hsuan Hsu & Wendy Rotenberg, 2018. "The Real Effects of Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Innovation," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(1), pages 525-557, March.
    6. Fan-Hua Kung & Yu-Shan Chang & Minting Zhou, 2019. "The effect of gender composition in joint audits on earnings management," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(5), pages 549-574, May.
    7. Danny Lanier & William F. Wempe & Morgan Swink, 2019. "Supply Chain Power and Real Earnings Management: Stock Market Perceptions, Financial Performance Effects, and Implications for Suppliers," Journal of Supply Chain Management, Institute for Supply Management, vol. 55(1), pages 48-70, January.
    8. Michael Spence, 2002. "Signaling in Retrospect and the Informational Structure of Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(3), pages 434-459, June.
    9. Yun Fan & Xiaotao (Kelvin) Liu, 2017. "Misclassifying Core Expenses as Special Items: Cost of Goods Sold or Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 400-426, March.
    10. Thomas A. Gilliam, 2021. "Detecting Real Activities Manipulation: Beyond Performance Matching," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 57(4), pages 619-653, December.
    11. Julia Sawicki & Keshab Shrestha, 2014. "Misvaluation and Insider Trading Incentives for Accrual-based and Real Earnings Management," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(7-8), pages 926-949, September.
    12. Mohammad Alhadab & Iain Clacher & Kevin Keasey, 2015. "Real and accrual earnings management and IPO failure risk," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(1), pages 55-92, January.
    13. De George, Emmanuel T. & Li, Xi & Shivakumar, Lakshmanan, 2016. "A review of the IFRS adoption literature," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 67599, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    14. Hamid Sakaki & Dave Jackson & Surendranath Jory, 2017. "Institutional ownership stability and real earnings management," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 227-244, July.
    15. Pappas, Kostas & Walsh, Eamonn & Xu, Alice Liang, 2019. "Real earnings management and loan contract terms," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 373-401.
    16. Xia Chen & Qiang Cheng & Ying Hao & Qiang Liu, 2020. "GDP growth incentives and earnings management: evidence from China," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 1002-1039, September.
    17. Pavlopoulos, Athanasios & Magnis, Chris & Iatridis, George Emmanuel, 2017. "Integrated reporting: Is it the last piece of the accounting disclosure puzzle?," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 23-46.
    18. Asli Ascioglu & Shantaram Hegde & Gopal Krishnan & John McDermott, 2012. "Earnings management and market liquidity," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 257-274, February.
    19. D. Kip Holderness & Adrienna Huffman & Melissa Lewis‐Western, 2019. "Rank and file equity compensation and earnings management: Evidence from stock options," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(9-10), pages 1201-1236, October.
    20. Razzaque, Rushdi Md. Rezaur & Ali, Muhammad Jahangir & Mather, Paul R., 2016. "Real earnings management in family firms: Evidence from an emerging economy," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 40(PB), pages 237-250.
    21. Bill Francis & Iftekhar Hasan & Lingxiang Li, 2016. "Abnormal real operations, real earnings management, and subsequent crashes in stock prices," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 217-260, February.
    22. Lars Schweizer & Andreas Nienhaus, 2017. "Corporate distress and turnaround: integrating the literature and directing future research," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 10(1), pages 3-47, June.
    23. Jones, Jj, 1991. "Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 193-228.
    24. Alon Brav & Wei Jiang & Frank Partnoy & Randall Thomas, 2008. "Hedge Fund Activism, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(4), pages 1729-1775, August.
    25. Ahrum Choi & Jong‐Hag Choi & Byungcherl Charlie Sohn, 2018. "The Joint Effect of Audit Quality and Legal Regimes on the Use of Real Earnings Management: International Evidence," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 2225-2257, December.
    26. Andrews Owusu & Alaa Mansour Zalata & Kamil Omoteso & Ahmed A. Elamer, 2022. "Is There a Trade-Off Between Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management Activities in the Presence of (fe) Male Auditors?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 175(4), pages 815-836, February.
    27. Paul Gompers & Joy Ishii & Andrew Metrick, 2003. "Corporate Governance and Equity Prices," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 118(1), pages 107-156.
    28. Michael Ettredge & Susan Scholz & Kevin R. Smith & Lili Sun, 2010. "How Do Restatements Begin? Evidence of Earnings Management Preceding Restated Financial Reports," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3‐4), pages 332-355, April.
    29. Daniel Cohen & Shailendra Pandit & Charles E. Wasley & Tzachi Zach, 2020. "Measuring Real Activity Management†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(2), pages 1172-1198, June.
    30. Li, Yuanhui & Nie, Weiqian & Xiang, Erwei & Djajadikerta, Hadrian Geri, 2018. "Can banks identify firms’ real earnings management? Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 23-29.
    31. Dye, Ra, 1988. "Earnings Management In An Overlapping Generations Model," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 195-235.
    32. repec:eme:maj000:maj-05-2018-1885 is not listed on IDEAS
    33. Fauver, Larry & Fuerst, Michael E., 2006. "Does good corporate governance include employee representation? Evidence from German corporate boards," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 673-710, December.
    34. Cristi A. Gleason & Sascha Kieback & Martin Thomsen & Christoph Watrin, 2021. "Monitoring or payroll maximization? What happens when workers enter the boardroom?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 1046-1087, September.
    35. Wen, Yi-Chieh & Huang, Pinghsun & Shen, Hsiu-Chu & Zhang, Yan, 2019. "The role of organizational forms in nonprofit firms' real earnings management: Evidence from nonprofit hospitals in Taiwan," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-1.
    36. Jong-Seo Choi & Young-Min Kwak & Chongwoo Choe, 2014. "Earnings Management Surrounding CEO Turnover: Evidence from Korea," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 50(1), pages 25-55, March.
    37. Tsung-Kang Chen & Yijie Tseng & Yu-Ting Hsieh, 2015. "Real Earnings Management Uncertainty and Corporate Credit Risk," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 413-440, September.
    38. Klaus M. Schmidt, 1997. "Managerial Incentives and Product Market Competition," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 64(2), pages 191-213.
    39. Ann-Kristin Achleitner & Nina G�nther & Christoph Kaserer & Gianfranco Siciliano, 2014. "Real Earnings Management and Accrual-based Earnings Management in Family Firms," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 431-461, September.
    40. Roychowdhury, Sugata, 2006. "Earnings management through real activities manipulation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 335-370, December.
    41. Chang, Che-Chia & Pan, Hunghua, 2020. "How do stock-for-stock acquirers manage earnings? The accruals feature of real earnings management," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(2).
    42. Terry A. Baker & Thomas J. Lopez & Austin L. Reitenga & George W. Ruch, 2019. "The influence of CEO and CFO power on accruals and real earnings management," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 325-345, January.
    43. Raghunandan, Aneesh, 2021. "Financial misconduct and employee mistreatment: evidence from wage theft," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 109863, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    44. Griffin, Paul A. & Hong, Hyun A. & Liu, Yun & Ryou, Ji Woo, 2021. "The dark side of CEO social capital: Evidence from real earnings management and future operating performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    45. Christian Mellado-Cid & Surendranath R. Jory & Thanh N. Ngo, 2019. "Options trades, short sales and real earnings management," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(4), pages 400-427, June.
    46. Chau Duong & Gioia Pescetto, 2019. "Overvaluation and earnings management: Does the degree of overvaluation matter?," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(2), pages 121-146, February.
    47. Ni, Xiaoran, 2020. "Does stakeholder orientation matter for earnings management: Evidence from non-shareholder constituency statutes," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    48. Paul G. Geertsema & David H. Lont & Helen Lu, 2020. "Real earnings management around CEO turnovers," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(3), pages 2397-2426, September.
    49. William Grieser & Charles J. Hadlock & Joshua R. Pierce, 2021. "Doing good when doing well: evidence on real earnings management," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 906-932, September.
    50. Domenico Campa & Tongyu Cao & Ray Donnelly, 2019. "Asset Disposal as a Method of Real Earnings Management: Evidence from the UK," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 55(2), pages 306-332, June.
    51. Zhu, Tingting & Lu, Meiting & Shan, Yaowen & Zhang, Yuanlong, 2015. "Accrual-based and real activity earnings management at the back door: Evidence from Chinese reverse mergers," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(PA), pages 317-339.
    52. Cai, Ye & Kim, Yongtae & Li, Siqi & Pan, Carrie, 2019. "Tone at the top: CEOs’ religious beliefs and earnings management," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 195-213.
    53. Irani, Rustom M. & Oesch, David, 2016. "Analyst Coverage and Real Earnings Management: Quasi-Experimental Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 51(2), pages 589-627, April.
    54. Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R. & Rajgopal, Shiva, 2005. "The economic implications of corporate financial reporting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1-3), pages 3-73, December.
    55. He, Guanming, 2016. "Fiscal Support and Earnings Management," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 57-84.
    56. Guifeng Shi & Jianfei Sun & Li Zhang, 2018. "Product market competition and earnings management: A firm†level analysis," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5-6), pages 604-624, May.
    57. Ji Hye Kim & Sang Ho Lee & Yong Keun Yoo, 2020. "Real earnings management and the cost of debt capital: international evidence," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(2), pages 151-172, March.
    58. Ryan D. Guggenmos & Wim A. Van der Stede, 2020. "The Effects of Creative Culture on Real Earnings Management," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2319-2356, December.
    59. Michael C. Jensen, 2005. "Agency Costs of Overvalued Equity," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 34(1), Spring.
    60. Furubotn, Eirik G, 1988. "Codetermination and the Modern Theory of the Firm: A Property-Rights Analysis," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 61(2), pages 165-181, April.
    61. Lauren A. Cooper & Jimmy F. Downes & Ramesh P. Rao, 2018. "Short term real earnings management prior to stock repurchases," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 95-128, January.
    62. Kuo, Ya-Fen & Lin, Yi-Mien & Chien, Hsiu-Fang, 2021. "Corporate social responsibility, enterprise risk management, and real earnings management: Evidence from managerial confidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    63. Aneesh Raghunandan, 2021. "Financial misconduct and employee mistreatment: Evidence from wage theft," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 867-905, September.
    64. Oz, Ibrahim Onur & Yelkenci, Tezer, 2018. "Examination of real and accrual earnings management: A cross-country analysis of legal origin under IFRS," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 24-37.
    65. Yongtao Hong & Fariz Huseynov & Wei Zhang, 2014. "Earnings Management and Analyst Following: A Simultaneous Equations Analysis," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(2), pages 355-390, June.
    66. Habib, Ahsan & Ranasinghe, Dinithi & Muhammadi, Abdul Haris & Islam, Ainul, 2018. "Political connections, financial reporting and auditing: Survey of the empirical literature," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 37-51.
    67. Bill Francis & Iftekhar Hasan & Lingxiang Li, 2016. "Abnormal real operations, real earnings management, and subsequent crashes in stock prices," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 217-260, February.
    68. Kuo, Jing-Ming & Ning, Lutao & Song, Xiaoqi, 2014. "The Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management Behaviors: Evidence from the Split Share Structure Reform in China," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 101-136.
    69. Roychowdhury, Sugata & Shroff, Nemit & Verdi, Rodrigo S., 2019. "The effects of financial reporting and disclosure on corporate investment: A review," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(2).
    70. Marianne Bertrand & Antoinette Schoar, 2003. "Managing with Style: The Effect of Managers on Firm Policies," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 118(4), pages 1169-1208.
    71. Lin, Yi-Mien & Shen, Cheng-An, 2015. "Family firms' credit rating, idiosyncratic risk, and earnings management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 872-877.
    72. Craig J. Chapman & Thomas J. Steenburgh, 2011. "An Investigation of Earnings Management Through Marketing Actions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(1), pages 72-92, January.
    73. Ali, Ashiq & Zhang, Weining, 2015. "CEO tenure and earnings management," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 60-79.
    74. Massimiliano Bonacchi & Fabrizio Cipollini & Paul Zarowin, 2018. "Parents’ Use of Subsidiaries to “Push Down” Earnings Management: Evidence from Italy," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(3), pages 1332-1362, September.
    75. Scott D. Dyreng & Stephen A. Hillegeist & Fernando Penalva, 2022. "Earnings Management to Avoid Debt Covenant Violations and Future Performance," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(2), pages 311-343, March.
    76. In†Mu Haw & Simon S.M. Ho & Annie Yuansha Li, 2011. "Corporate Governance and Earnings Management by Classification Shifting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 517-553, June.
    77. Enomoto, Masahiro & Kimura, Fumihiko & Yamaguchi, Tomoyasu, 2015. "Accrual-based and real earnings management: An international comparison for investor protection," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 183-198.
    78. David Scharfstein, 1988. "Product-Market Competition and Managerial Slack," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 19(1), pages 147-155, Spring.
    79. Yung, Kenneth & Root, Andrew, 2019. "Policy uncertainty and earnings management: International evidence," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 255-267.
    80. Wan Wongsunwai, 2013. "The Effect of External Monitoring on Accrual†Based and Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Venture†Backed Initial Public Offerings," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(1), pages 296-324, March.
    81. Caskey, Judson & Ozel, N. Bugra, 2017. "Earnings expectations and employee safety," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 121-141.
    82. Katherine A. Gunny, 2010. "The Relation Between Earnings Management Using Real Activities Manipulation and Future Performance: Evidence from Meeting Earnings Benchmarks," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(3), pages 855-888, September.
    83. DuCharme, Larry L. & Malatesta, Paul H. & Sefcik, Stephan E., 2004. "Earnings management, stock issues, and shareholder lawsuits," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 27-49, January.
    84. David Scharfstein, 1988. "The Disciplinary Role of Takeovers," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 55(2), pages 185-199.
    85. M. Alhadab & I. Clacher & K. Keasey, 2016. "A Comparative Analysis of Real and Accrual Earnings Management around Initial Public Offerings under Different Regulatory Environments," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(7-8), pages 849-871, July.
    86. Alissa, Walid & Bonsall, Samuel B. & Koharki, Kevin & Penn, Michael W., 2013. "Firms' use of accounting discretion to influence their credit ratings," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 129-147.
    87. Kristina Rennekamp & Kathy Rupar & Nicholas Seybert, 2020. "Short Selling Pressure, Reporting Transparency, and the Use of Real and Accruals Earnings Management to Meet Benchmarks," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 186-204, April.
    88. Michael Ettredge & Susan Scholz & Kevin R. Smith & Lili Sun, 2010. "How Do Restatements Begin? Evidence of Earnings Management Preceding Restated Financial Reports," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3-4), pages 332-355.
    89. Martin Plöckinger & Ewald Aschauer & Martin R.W. Hiebl & Roman Rohatschek, 2016. "The influence of individual executives on corporate financial reporting: A review and outlook from the perspective of upper echelons theory," Journal of Accounting Literature, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 37(1), pages 55-75, October.
    90. Abdullah Alsaadi & M. Shahid Ebrahim & Aziz Jaafar, 2017. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Shariah-Compliance, and Earnings Quality," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 51(2), pages 169-194, April.
    91. Jiang, Haiyan & Habib, Ahsan & Wang, Snow, 2018. "Real Earnings Management, Institutional Environment, and Future Operating Performance: An International Study," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 33-53.
    92. Wang, Qing (Sophie) & Anderson, Hamish & Chi, Jing, 2018. "VC political connections and IPO earnings management," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 148-163.
    93. Max Hewitt & Frank D. Hodge & Jamie H. Pratt, 2020. "Do Shareholders Assess Managers' Use of Accruals to Manage Earnings as a Negative Signal of Trustworthiness Even When its Outcome Serves Shareholders' Interests?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2058-2086, December.
    94. Mughal, Azhar & Tao, Qizhi & Sun, Yicheng & Xiang, Xueman, 2021. "Earnings management at target firms and the acquirers’ performance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 384-404.
    95. Beatriz Garcia Osma & Elvira Scarlat & Karin Shields, 2020. "Insider trading restrictions and earnings management," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(3), pages 205-237, April.
    96. Halabi, Hussein & Alshehabi, Ahmad & Zakaria, Idlan, 2019. "Informal institutions and managers’ earnings management choices: Evidence from IFRS-adopting countries," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(3).
    97. Fang, Ming & Francis, Bill & Hasan, Iftekhar & Wu, Qiang, 2022. "External social networks and earnings management," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(2).
    98. repec:eme:jal000:j.acclit.2016.09.002 is not listed on IDEAS
    99. Burgstahler, David & Dichev, Ilia, 1997. "Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 99-126, December.
    100. Cohen, Daniel A. & Zarowin, Paul, 2010. "Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 2-19, May.
    101. Weili GE & Dawn Matsumoto & Jenny Li Zhang, 2011. "Do CFOs Have Style? An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Individual CFOs on Accounting Practices," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 1141-1179, December.
    102. Sie Ting Lau & Keshab Shrestha & Jing Yu, 2016. "Corporate Governance and the Information Content of Earnings Announcements: A Cross†Country Analysis," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(3), pages 1238-1266, September.
    103. Jeong‐Bon Kim & Jeff J. Wang & Eliza Xia Zhang, 2021. "Does real earnings smoothing reduce investors’ perceived risk?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1560-1595, October.
    104. Hickman, L. Emily & Iyer, Subramanian Rama & Jadiyappa, Nemiraja, 2021. "The effect of voluntary and mandatory corporate social responsibility on earnings management: Evidence from India and the 2% rule," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    105. Peter Carey & Nava Subramaniam & Karin Chua Wee Ching, 2006. "Internal audit outsourcing in Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 46(1), pages 11-30, March.
    106. Hoitash, Udi & Mkrtchyan, Anahit, 2022. "Internal governance and outside directors’ connections to non-director executives," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1).
    107. John L. Abernathy & Brooke Beyer & Eric T. Rapley, 2014. "Earnings Management Constraints and Classification Shifting," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5-6), pages 600-626, June.
    108. Ervin L. Black & Theodore E. Christensen & T. Taylor Joo & Roy Schmardebeck, 2017. "The Relation Between Earnings Management and Non†GAAP Reporting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(2), pages 750-782, June.
    109. David Abad & M. Fuensanta Cutillas-Gomariz & Juan Pedro Sánchez-Ballesta & José Yagüe, 2018. "Real Earnings Management and Information Asymmetry in the Equity Market," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(2), pages 209-235, March.
    110. KoEun Park, 2017. "Earnings quality and short selling: Evidence from real earnings management in the United States," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(9-10), pages 1214-1240, October.
    111. Michael J. Ahearne & Jeffrey P. Boichuk & Craig J. Chapman & Thomas J. Steenburgh, 2016. "Real Earnings Management in Sales," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(5), pages 1233-1266, December.
    112. Yu Liu & Zuobao Wei & Feixue Xie, 2016. "CFO gender and earnings management: evidence from China," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(4), pages 881-905, May.
    113. Anup Srivastava, 2019. "Improving the measures of real earnings management," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1277-1316, December.
    114. Li, Valerie, 2019. "The effect of real earnings management on the persistence and informativeness of earnings," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 402-423.
    115. Seraina C. Anagnostopoulou & Andrianos E. Tsekrekos, 2017. "The effect of financial leverage on real and accrual-based earnings management," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(2), pages 191-236, February.
    116. Farrell, Kathleen & Unlu, Emre & Yu, Jin, 2014. "Stock repurchases as an earnings management mechanism: The impact of financing constraints," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 1-15.
    117. Kim, Jaehyeon & Kim, Yongtae & Zhou, Jian, 2017. "Languages and earnings management," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 288-306.
    118. Nguyen Anh Huu & Nguyen Linh Ha & Doan Duong Thuy, 2020. "Ownership Structure and Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam Real Estate Sector," Real Estate Management and Valuation, Sciendo, vol. 28(2), pages 37-51, June.
    119. Galdi, Fernando Caio & Johnson, E. Scott, 2021. "Accounting for inventory costs and real earnings management behavior," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    120. Pei-I Chou & Chia-Hao Lee, 2018. "The asymmetric relation between earnings management behaviors: evidence from executive compensation incentives," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 42(4), pages 765-778, October.
    121. Benjamin P. Commerford & Dana R. Hermanson & Richard W. Houston & Michael F. Peters, 2019. "Auditor Sensitivity to Real Earnings Management: The Importance of Ambiguity and Earnings Context," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(2), pages 1055-1076, June.
    122. Laksmana, Indrarini & Yang, Ya-wen, 2014. "Product market competition and earnings management: Evidence from discretionary accruals and real activity manipulation," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 263-275.
    123. Eiler, Lisa A. & Filzen, Joshua J. & Jackson, Mark & Tama-Sweet, Isho, 2021. "Real earnings management and the properties of analysts' forecasts," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    124. Justin Hopkins, 2018. "Do Securities Class Actions Deter Misreporting?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 2030-2057, December.
    125. Plöckinger, Martin & Aschauer, Ewald & Hiebl, Martin R.W. & Rohatschek, Roman, 2016. "The influence of individual executives on corporate financial reporting: A review and outlook from the perspective of upper echelons theory," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 55-75.
    126. Kałdoński, Michał & Jewartowski, Tomasz, 2020. "Do firms using real earnings management care about taxes? Evidence from a high book-tax conformity country," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    127. Alhadab, Mohammad & Clacher, Iain, 2018. "The impact of audit quality on real and accrual earnings management around IPOs," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 442-461.
    128. Charles Ham & Mark Lang & Nicholas Seybert & Sean Wang, 2017. "CFO Narcissism and Financial Reporting Quality," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(5), pages 1089-1135, December.
    129. Wenxia Ge & Jeong-Bon Kim, 2014. "Boards, takeover protection, and real earnings management," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 651-682, November.
    130. Braam, Geert & Nandy, Monomita & Weitzel, Utz & Lodh, Suman, 2015. "Accrual-based and real earnings management and political connections," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 111-141.
    131. Eng, Li Li & Fang, Hanqing & Tian, Xi & Yu, T. Robert & Zhang, Hongxian, 2019. "Financial crisis and real earnings management in family firms: A comparison between China and the United States," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 184-201.
    132. Kałdoński, Michał & Jewartowski, Tomasz & Mizerka, Jacek, 2020. "Capital market pressure, real earnings management, and institutional ownership stability - Evidence from Poland," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    133. Campa, Domenico & Hajbaba, Amir, 2016. "Do targets grab the cash in takeovers: The role of earnings management," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 56-64.
    134. Inder K. Khurana & Yinghua Li & Wei Wang, 2018. "The Effects of Hedge Fund Interventions on Strategic Firm Behavior," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(9), pages 4094-4117, September.
    135. Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Pham, Hang, 2018. "Financial Expert CEOs and Earnings Management Around Initial Public Offerings," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 102-117.
    136. Emmanuel T. De George & Xi Li & Lakshmanan Shivakumar, 2016. "A review of the IFRS adoption literature," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 898-1004, September.
    137. Annalisa Prencipe & Sasson Bar-Yosef & Henri C. Dekker, 2014. "Accounting Research in Family Firms: Theoretical and Empirical Challenges," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 361-385, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. E L Mir & El Gnaoui, 2023. "Earnings management and market trust: what's the association? [L'earnings management et la confiance au marché : quelle association?]," Post-Print hal-04228281, HAL.
    2. Ahmad A. Toumeh & Maha D. Ayoush, 2024. "Does Ethical Leadership Constraint Earnings Management Practices? A Systematic Literature Review and Content Analysis," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 4, pages 130-143.
    3. Sun, Zeyu & Kong, Ningning & Wu, Lei & Bao, Yu, 2024. "Does contingent payment in M&As induce acquirers’ earnings management? Evidence from performance commitment," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Michał Kałdoński & Tomasz Jewartowski, 2024. "Governance through exit: Pension fund reform impact on real earnings management of portfolio companies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(4), pages 1349-1389, November.
    5. Shan Lu & Peng Wu & Lei Gao & Richard Gifford, 2023. "Are State-Owned Enterprises Equally Reliable Information Suppliers? An Examination of the Impacts of State Ownership on Earnings Management Strategies of Chinese Enterprises," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-26, February.
    6. Xiaolong Gu & Zhe An & Chen Chen & Donghui Li, 2023. "Do foreign institutional investors monitor opportunistic managerial behaviour? Evidence from real earnings management," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(1), pages 317-351, March.
    7. Pallab Kumar Biswas & Dinithi Ranasinghe & Eric K. M. Tan, 2023. "Impact of product market competition on real activity manipulation: Moderating role of managerial ability," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(1), pages 247-275, March.
    8. Elmawazini, Khaled & Galariotis, Emilios & Hossain, Ashrafee T. & Rjiba, Hatem, 2024. "Federal judge ideology and real earnings management," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    9. Fernando Comiran & Subprasiri Siriviriyakul, 2023. "Detecting overproduction: Evidence from inventory write‐down," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3351-3386, September.
    10. Ioannis Dokas, 2023. "Earnings Management and Status of Corporate Governance under Different Levels of Corruption—An Empirical Analysis in European Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-23, October.
    11. Manasi Gokhale & Deepa Pillai, 2024. "Firm level and country level determinants of earnings management in emerging economies: a systematic framework-based review," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    12. Muhammad Asad & Saeed Akbar & Sabur Mollah, 2024. "The role of independent directors’ tenure and network in controlling real-earnings management practices," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(4), pages 1251-1279, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fernando Comiran & Subprasiri Siriviriyakul, 2023. "Detecting overproduction: Evidence from inventory write‐down," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3351-3386, September.
    2. Li, Chihua & Tseng, Yijie & Chen, Tsung-Kang, 2016. "Top management team expertise and corporate real earnings management activities," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 117-132.
    3. Eiler, Lisa A. & Filzen, Joshua J. & Jackson, Mark & Tama-Sweet, Isho, 2021. "Real earnings management and the properties of analysts' forecasts," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    4. Godsell, David & Huang, Kelly & Lao, Brent, 2023. "Managers’ rank & file employee coordination costs and real activities manipulation," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    5. Yang, Jingwen & Hemmings, Danial & Jaafar, Aziz & Jackson, Richard H.G., 2022. "The real earnings management gap between private and public firms: Evidence from Europe," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    6. Nguyet T. M. Nguyen & Abdullah Iqbal & Radha K. Shiwakoti, 2022. "The context of earnings management and its ability to predict future stock returns," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 123-169, July.
    7. Elmawazini, Khaled & Galariotis, Emilios & Hossain, Ashrafee T. & Rjiba, Hatem, 2024. "Federal judge ideology and real earnings management," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    8. Syed Farhan Shah & Abdul Rashid & Wasim Shahid Malik, 2024. "Potential Substitution Between Accrual Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management Among Pakistani Listed Firms," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 25(1), pages 180-197, February.
    9. Chen, Ching-Lung & Weng, Pei-Yu & Fan, Hung-Shu, 2023. "Exploring the role of excess control rights on real earnings management in family-controlled firms," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    10. Alexandre Garel & Jose Martin-Flores & Arthur Petit-Romec & Ayesha Scott, 2021. "Institutional investor distraction and earnings management," Post-Print hal-03096196, HAL.
    11. James Jianxin Gong & S. Mark Young & Aner Zhou, 2023. "Real earnings management and the strategic release of new products: evidence from the motion picture industry," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 1209-1249, September.
    12. Muhammad Kaleem Khan & Yixuan Qin & Chengsi Zhang, 2022. "Financial structure and earnings manipulation activities in China," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(8), pages 2593-2621, August.
    13. Michał Kałdoński & Tomasz Jewartowski, 2024. "Governance through exit: Pension fund reform impact on real earnings management of portfolio companies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(4), pages 1349-1389, November.
    14. Karan Gandhi, 2024. "Real earnings management’s effects on performance in firms reaching the loss avoidance threshold: indian evidence after controlling for variations in firm’s competitive strategy," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 51(3), pages 369-395, September.
    15. Lin, Fengyi & Lin, Sheng-Wei & Fang, Wen-Chang, 2020. "How CEO narcissism affects earnings management behaviors," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    16. Inder K. Khurana & Yinghua Li & Wei Wang, 2018. "The Effects of Hedge Fund Interventions on Strategic Firm Behavior," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(9), pages 4094-4117, September.
    17. Griffin, Paul A. & Hong, Hyun A. & Liu, Yun & Ryou, Ji Woo, 2021. "The dark side of CEO social capital: Evidence from real earnings management and future operating performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    18. Kałdoński, Michał & Jewartowski, Tomasz & Mizerka, Jacek, 2020. "Capital market pressure, real earnings management, and institutional ownership stability - Evidence from Poland," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    19. Davis, Frederick & Khadivar, Hamed, 2024. "Accrual and real earnings management by rumored takeover targets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    20. Songsheng Chen & Jun Guo & Qingqing Liu & Xiaoxiao Tong, 2021. "The impact of XBRL on real earnings management: unexpected consequences of the XBRL implementation in China," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 479-504, February.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:62:y:2022:i:4:p:4279-4344. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aaanzea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.