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Acupuncture- Mediated Activation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway- A Review of the Literature

Author

Listed:
  • Zogopoulos Panagiotis
  • Venetikidis Anastasios
  • Vretakos Georgios
  • Rologis Dimitrios

    (Neurosurgery Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Greece)

  • Karavis Miltiades

    (Acupuncture Department, Filoktitis Rehabilitation Center, Greece)

  • Theocharis Stamatios

    (First Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Immune system plays a pivotal role in protecting the body from pathogens, as well as from various insults, and consequently in maintaining homeostasis. Acupuncture has been used for many centuries in Asia but also, over the last decades, in Western countries, as a treatment modality for various diseases and disorders. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms of action of acupuncture treatment and there is now evidence that it can activate the so called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway , especially through modulation of the vagal tone. We present available experimental data, to date, regarding acupuncture’s effects on the immune system through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Suggested Citation

  • Zogopoulos Panagiotis & Venetikidis Anastasios & Vretakos Georgios & Rologis Dimitrios & Karavis Miltiades & Theocharis Stamatios, 2017. "Acupuncture- Mediated Activation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway- A Review of the Literature," Open Access Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 2(2), pages 21-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:joajnn:v:2:y:2017:i:2:p:21-23
    DOI: 10.19080/OAJNN.2017.02.555582
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carl Nathan, 2002. "Points of control in inflammation," Nature, Nature, vol. 420(6917), pages 846-852, December.
    2. Kevin J. Tracey, 2002. "The inflammatory reflex," Nature, Nature, vol. 420(6917), pages 853-859, December.
    3. Claude Libert, 2003. "A nervous connection," Nature, Nature, vol. 421(6921), pages 328-329, January.
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