IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/r/fip/fedfpr/y1996p436-464.html
   My bibliography  Save this item

Too much of a good thing: the macroeconomic effects of taxing capital inflows

Citations

Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
as


Cited by:

  1. Buss, Adrian, 2013. "Capital controls and international financial stability: a dynamic general equilibrium analysis in incomplete markets," Working Paper Series 1578, European Central Bank.
  2. Nicolas Magud & Carmen M. Reinhart, 2007. "Capital Controls: An Evaluation," NBER Chapters, in: Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies, Practices, and Consequences, pages 645-674, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  3. Ramkishen Rajan, 2010. "Sand in the Wheels of International Finance: Revisiting the Debate in Light of the East Asian Mayhem," Working Papers id:2686, eSocialSciences.
  4. Jonathan David Ostry & Atish R. Ghosh & Karl F Habermeier & Marcos d Chamon & Mahvash S Qureshi & Dennis B. S. Reinhardt, 2010. "Capital Inflows; The Role of Controls," IMF Staff Position Notes 2010/04, International Monetary Fund.
  5. Melike Altinkemer, 2005. "Recent Experiences with Capital Controls : Is There A Lesson for Turkey?," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 5(2), pages 1-38.
  6. Vithessonthi, Chaiporn & Tongurai, Jittima, 2012. "The impact of capital account liberalization measures," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 16-34.
  7. Christophe RAULT & Guglielmo Maria CAPORALE & Thouraya HADJ AMOR, 2009. "International Financial Integration And Real Exchange Rate Long-Run Dynamics In Emerging Countries," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp970, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
  8. Jean-Pierre Allegret, 2000. "Quel role pour les controles des mouvements internationaux de capitaux ?," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 81, pages 77-108.
  9. Hsiao‐Tang Hsu, 2005. "Capital Control And Domestic Interest Rates: A Generalized Model," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 23(3), pages 456-464, July.
  10. Buch, Claudia M., 1999. "Chilean-type capital controls: A building block of the new international financial architecture?," Kiel Discussion Papers 350, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  11. Nicolas E. Magud & Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2018. "Capital Controls: Myth and Reality--A Portfolio Balance Approach," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 19(1), pages 1-47, May.
  12. Rebecca M. Neumann, 2003. "International capital flows under asymmetric information and costly monitoring: implications of debt and equity financing," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 674-700, August.
  13. Neumann, Rebecca M., 2006. "The effects of capital controls on international capital flows in the presence of asymmetric information," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 1010-1027, October.
  14. Oda, Nobuyuki & Okina, Kunio, 2001. "Further Monetary Easing Policies under the Non-negativity Constraints of Nominal Interest Rates: Summary of the Discussion Based on Japan's Experience," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 19(S1), pages 323-360, February.
  15. Ghosh, Atish R. & Ostry, Jonathan D. & Qureshi, Mahvash S., 2018. "Taming the Tide of Capital Flows: A Policy Guide," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262037165, April.
  16. Benu Schneider, 2001. "Issues in Capital Account Convertibility in Developing Countries," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 19(1), pages 31-82, March.
  17. Gan-Ochir Doojav & Borkhuu Gotovsuren & Tsenddorj Dorjpurev, 2012. "Financial Contagion and Volatile Capital Flows," Occasional Papers, South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre, number occ56, April.
  18. Ramkishen Rajan, 2010. "The Currency and Financial Crisis in Southeast Asia: A Case of 'Sudden Death' or Death Foretold'?," Working Papers id:2583, eSocialSciences.
  19. Fujiki, Hiroshi & Otani, Akira, 2002. "Do Currency Regimes Matter in the 21st Century? An Overview," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 20(S1), pages 47-79, December.
  20. Jesus Ferreiro & Eugenia Correa & Carmen Gomez, 2008. "Has Capital Account Liberalization in Latin American Countries Led to Higher and More Stable Capital Inflows?," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(4), pages 31-63.
  21. Jeffrey A. Frankel, 2010. "Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets: A Survey," NBER Working Papers 16125, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  22. Duc Khuong Nguyen, 2010. "La dynamique de la volatilité boursière autour de l'ouverture des marchés de capitaux," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 0(1), pages 65-82.
  23. Bernardo S. de M. Carvalho & Márcio G. P. Garcia, 2008. "Ineffective Controls on Capital Inflows under Sophisticated Financial Markets: Brazil in the Nineties," NBER Chapters, in: Financial Markets Volatility and Performance in Emerging Markets, pages 29-96, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  24. Mr. Alejandro Lopez Mejia, 1999. "Large Capital Flows: A Survey of the Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses," IMF Working Papers 1999/017, International Monetary Fund.
  25. Reinhart, Carmen M. & Smith, R. Todd, 2002. "Temporary controls on capital inflows," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 327-351, August.
  26. Norring, Anni, 2022. "Taming the tides of capital: Review of capital controls and macroprudential policy in emerging economies," BoF Economics Review 1/2022, Bank of Finland.
  27. Zan Oplotnik, 2003. "Eligibility Assessment of the Bank of Slovenia’s Adjustment Policy to Surges in Capital Flows," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 6(1-2), pages 83-102, May - Nov.
  28. Piersanti, Giovanni, 2012. "The Macroeconomic Theory of Exchange Rate Crises," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199653126.
  29. Schioppa, Claudio A. & Papadia, Andrea, 2015. "Foreign Debt and Secondary Markets: The Case of Interwar Germany," MPRA Paper 102863, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2016.
  30. Chokri Zehri, 2022. "Conditions for the success of capital controls: The elasticity approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 893-910, January.
  31. Ramkishen Rajan, 1998. "Restraints On Capital Flows : What Are They?," Macroeconomics Working Papers 22383, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
  32. Jonathan D. Ostry & Atish R. Ghosh & Karl Habermeier & Marcos Chamon & Mahvash S. Qureshi & Dennis B.S. Reinhardt, 2010. "Entradas de capital: el papel de los controles," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 12(23), pages 135-164, July-Dece.
  33. Sanyal, Anirban, 2022. "Capital Control and Heterogeneous Impact on Capital Flows," EconStor Preprints 261300, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
  34. Andrea Papadia & Claudio A. Schioppa, 2024. "Foreign Debt, Capital Controls, and Secondary Markets: Theory and Evidence from Nazi Germany," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(6), pages 2074-2112.
  35. Alexei G. Orlov, 2005. "Pros and Cons of Capital Controls in the Presence of Incomplete Markets," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 49(1), pages 79-93, March.
  36. Reinhart, C.M. & Dunaway, S., 1996. "Dealing with Capital Inflows. Are There Any Lessons?," Research Paper 28, World Institute for Development Economics Research.
  37. C. Rangarajan & A. Prasad, 2008. "Capital flows, exchange rate management and monetary policy," Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 135-149.
  38. Cyriac Guillaumin & Salem Boubakri & Alexandre Silanine, 2020. "Do commodity price volatilities impact currency misalignments in commodity-exporting countries?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(2), pages 1727-1739.
  39. Kletzer, Kenneth & Spiegel, Mark M., 2004. "Sterilization costs and exchange rate targeting," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 897-915, October.
  40. Campion, Mary Kathryn & Neumann, Rebecca M., 2004. "Compositional effects of capital controls: evidence from Latin America," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 161-178, August.
  41. Markus Diehl, 1999. "Wechselkurspolitik, Abfolge von Reformschritten und die "Internationale Finanzarchitektur": Lehren aus der Asienkrise 1997/98," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 68(1), pages 57-67.
  42. Montiel, Peter & Reinhart, Carmen M., 1999. "Do capital controls and macroeconomic policies influence the volume and composition of capital flows? Evidence from the 1990s," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 619-635, August.
  43. Graham Bird & Ramkishen S. Rajan, 2004. "Coping with, and Cashing in on, International Capital Volatility," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: International Finance and the Developing Economies, chapter 11, pages 181-203, Palgrave Macmillan.
  44. Donadelli, Michael & Paradiso, Antonio, 2014. "Does financial integration affect real exchange rate volatility and cross-country equity market returns correlation?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 206-220.
  45. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Thouraya Hadj Amor & Christophe Rault, 2011. "Sources of Real Exchange Rate Volatility and International Financial Integration: A Dynamic GMM Panel Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series 3645, CESifo.
  46. Sweta Saxena & Kar-yiu Wong, 1999. "Currency Crises and Capital Control: A Survey," Working Papers 0045, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
  47. Eugenia Andreasen & Martin Schindler & Patricio Valenzuela, 2019. "Capital Controls and the Cost of Debt," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 67(2), pages 288-314, June.
  48. Christopher J. Neely, 1999. "An introduction to capital controls," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 81(Nov), pages 13-30.
  49. Reinhart, Carmen & Montiel, Peter, 2001. "The Dynamics of Capital Movements to Emerging Economies During the 1990s," MPRA Paper 7577, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  50. Frankel, Jeffrey, 2010. "Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets," Handbook of Monetary Economics, in: Benjamin M. Friedman & Michael Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 25, pages 1439-1520, Elsevier.
  51. Hali J. Edison & Carmen M. Reinhart, 1999. "Capital controls during financial crises: the cases of Malaysia and Thailand," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Sep, pages 1-36.
  52. Dudley Cooke, 2007. "How do Capital Controls Affect the Transmission of Foreign Shocks?," EPRU Working Paper Series 07-02, Economic Policy Research Unit (EPRU), University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
  53. Žan Oplotnik, 2003. "Bank of slovenia adjustment policy to surges in capital flows," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2003(3), pages 217-232.
  54. Diego Valderrama, 2002. "The impact of financial frictions on a small open economy: when current account borrowing hits a limit," Working Paper Series 2002-15, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
  55. Mary Kathryn Campion & Rebecca M. Neumann, 2003. "Compositional Effects of Capital Controls – Theory and Evidence," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(7), pages 957-973, July.
  56. Masahiro Inoguchi, 2009. "Did capital controls decrease capital flows in Malaysia?," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(1), pages 27-48.
  57. Rajesh Singh & Chetan Subramanian, 2008. "Temporary stabilization with capital controls," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 34(3), pages 545-574, March.
  58. Eswar S. Prasad & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2008. "A Pragmatic Approach to Capital Account Liberalization," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(3), pages 149-172, Summer.
  59. Leonidas E. De la Rosa, 1999. "Ataques Especulativos:Un Enfoque De Incertidumbre E Información," Borradores de Economia 2033, Banco de la Republica.
  60. Juthathip Jongwanich, 2008. "Real exchange rate overvaluation and currency crisis: evidence from Thailand," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(3), pages 373-382.
  61. Nicolas Magud & Carmen Reinhart & Kenneth Rogoff, 2005. "Capital Controls: Myth and Reality A Portfolio Balance Approach to Capital Controls," University of Oregon Economics Department Working Papers 2006-10, University of Oregon Economics Department.
  62. Shashank Goel & V. Raveendra Saradhi, 2015. "Capital Flow Components and the Real Exchange Rate: Implications for India," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 14(2), pages 179-194, December.
  63. Bilge Erten & Anton Korinek & José Antonio Ocampo, 2021. "Capital Controls: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 59(1), pages 45-89, March.
  64. Jeffrey A. Frankel & Shang-Jin Wei, 2004. "Managing Macroeconomic Crises," NBER Working Papers 10907, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  65. Márcio Holland, 2014. "Managing Capital Inflows in Brazil," MIT Press Book Chapters, in: What Have We Learned? Macroeconomic Policy After the Crisis, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 24, pages 289-306, The MIT Press.
  66. Patnaik, Ila & Shah, Ajay, 2011. "Did the Indian capital controls work as a tool of macroeconomic policy?," Working Papers 11/87, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
  67. Vincent R. Reinhart, 2000. "How the Machinery of International Finance Runs with Sand in its Wheels," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(1), pages 74-85, February.
  68. Ramkishen S. Rejan, 1998. "The Currency And Financial Crisis In Southeast Asia - A Case Of `Sudden Deathã¢Â‚¬Â„¢ Or `Death Foretoldã¢Â‚¬Â„¢," Macroeconomics Working Papers 22381, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
  69. Haggard, Stephan & Maxfield, Sylvia, 1996. "The political economy of financial internationalization in the developing world," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(1), pages 35-68, January.
  70. Miles, William R. & Miller, Robert M., 2005. "Trading externalities and new equity issues in emerging markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, February.
  71. Rodney Schmidt, 2001. "Efficient capital controls," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 28(3), pages 199-212, September.
  72. Rudiger Ahrend & Antoine Goujard & Cyrille Schwellnus, 2012. "International Capital Mobility: Which Structural Policies Reduce Financial Fragility?," OECD Economic Policy Papers 2, OECD Publishing.
  73. Eichengreen, Barry & Wyplosz, Charles, 1995. "What Do Currency Crises Tell Us About the Future of the International Monetary System?," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers 233418, University of California-Berkeley, Department of Economics.
  74. Calderón, César & Kubota, Megumi, 2018. "Does higher openness cause more real exchange rate volatility?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 176-204.
  75. Cardarelli, Roberto & Elekdag, Selim & Kose, M. Ayhan, 2010. "Capital inflows: Macroeconomic implications and policy responses," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 333-356, December.
  76. Ethan Kaplan & Dani Rodrik, 2002. "Did the Malaysian Capital Controls Work?," NBER Chapters, in: Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets, pages 393-440, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  77. Gustavo Franco, 2006. "Capital inflows into Brazil, 1992-98: the nature and effects of controls and restrictions," Textos para discussão 517, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil).
  78. Diehl, Markus & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 2001. "Lehren aus der Asienkrise: wirtschaftspolitische Reaktionen und fortbestehende Reformdefizite," Kiel Discussion Papers 373, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  79. Louisa Chen & Estelle Xue Liu & Zijun Liu, 2022. "FX Resilience around the World: Fighting Volatile Cross-Border Capital Flows," Papers 2210.04648, arXiv.org.
  80. Eliana Cardoso & Ilan Goldfajn, 1998. "Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 45(1), pages 161-202, March.
  81. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Thouraya Hadj Amor & Christophe Rault, 2011. "International financial integration and real exchange rate long-run dynamics in emerging countries: Some panel evidence," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(6), pages 789-808, September.
  82. Vithessonthi, Chaiporn & Tongurai, Jittima, 2013. "Unremunerated reserve requirements, exchange rate volatility, and firm value," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 358-378.
  83. Reinhart, Carmen, 2006. "What is next for financial globalization: Some perspective gained from the experience of capital flows to emerging market economies," MPRA Paper 13400, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  84. Li, Xiang & Su, Dan, 2022. "Surges and instability: The maturity shortening channel," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  85. Laura Alfaro & Fabio Kanczuk, 2004. "Capital Controls, Risk, and Liberalization Cycles," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(3), pages 412-434, August.
  86. Rock-Antoine Mehanna & Kabir Hassan, 2008. "Readiness Of The Gulf Monetary Union: Revisited," Working Papers 441, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 Jan 2008.
  87. Vithessonthi, Chaiporn & Tongurai, Jittima, 2013. "The perils of a central bank's capital control: How substantial is the effect on firm value?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 111-135.
  88. Lamberte, Mario B., 1999. "Currency Crisis: Where Do We Go From Here?," Discussion Papers DP 1999-10, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
  89. Griffith-Jones, Stephany & Montes, Manuel F. & Nasution, Anwar (ed.), 2001. "Short-Term Capital Flows and Economic Crises," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198296867.
  90. Karl F Habermeier & Annamaria Kokenyne & Chikako Baba, 2011. "The Effectiveness of Capital Controls and Prudential Policies in Managing Large Inflows," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 11/14, International Monetary Fund.
  91. Mr. Christiane Nickel & Mr. Günter Schmidt & Mr. Georg Stadtmann & Mr. Michael Frenkel, 2001. "The Effects of Capital Controls on Exchange Rate Volatility and Output," IMF Working Papers 2001/187, International Monetary Fund.
  92. Al-Abri, Almukhtar & Baghestani, Hamid, 2015. "Foreign investment and real exchange rate volatility in emerging Asian countries," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 34-47.
  93. Hadj Amor Thouraya & El Araj Rita, 2009. "Long Term Dynamic of Real Exchange Rate, Trade Liberalization and Financial Integration: The Case of South-East Mediterranean Countries," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 56(1), pages 73-93, March.
  94. Amira, Khaled & Muzere, Mark L., 2011. "Competition among stock exchanges for equity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 2355-2373, September.
  95. Juthathip Jongwanich, 2006. "Exchange Rate Regimes, Capital Account Opening and Real Exchange Rates: Evidence from Thailand," Departmental Working Papers 2006-01, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
  96. M. Frenkel & G. Shimidt & G. Stadtmann & Nickle Christiane, 2002. "The Effects of Capital Controls on Exchange Rate Volatility and Output," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 27-51.
  97. Jean-Pierre Allegret, 2012. "Les mouvements de capitaux à destination des pays émergents après la crise financière liée aux subprimes," Post-Print hal-01410723, HAL.
  98. Hewei Shen, 2016. "Financial Crises and the Role of Debt Maturity for Emerging Economies," CAEPR Working Papers 2017-012, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Department of Economics, Indiana University Bloomington.
  99. Apoorv Bhargava & Romain Bouis & Annamaria Kokenyne & Manuel Perez-Archila & Umang Rawat & Ms. Ratna Sahay, 2023. "Do Capital Controls Limit Inflow Surges?," IMF Working Papers 2023/050, International Monetary Fund.
  100. Reinhart, Carmen M. & Dunaway, Steven, "undated". "Dealing with Capital Inflows Are There Any Lessons?," WIDER Working Papers 295321, United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  101. repec:cte:whrepe:wh030602 is not listed on IDEAS
  102. Mohsin S. Khan, 1998. "Capital Flows to Developing Countries: Blessing or Curse?," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 125-151.
  103. Richard J. Nugent, 2019. "Restrictions on Short-Term Capital Inflows and the Response of Direct Investment," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 45(3), pages 350-383, June.
  104. Rangel José Gonzalo & Ramírez Claudia & Abarca Gustavo, 2012. "Capital Controls and Exchange Rate Expectations in Emerging Markets," Working Papers 2012-08, Banco de México.
  105. Zan Oplotnik, 2003. "Capital Flows Adjustment Policy in Slovenia: Assessment of Design and Efficiency," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 209-225.
  106. Eza Ghassan Al-Zein, 2008. "Reserve Requirements, the Maturity Structure of Debt, and Bank Runs," IMF Working Papers 2008/108, International Monetary Fund.
  107. Buch, Claudia M. & Heinrich, Ralph P. & Pierdzioch, Christian, 2001. "Globalisierung der Finanzmärkte: Freier Kapitalverkehr oder Tobin-Steuer?," Kiel Discussion Papers 381, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  108. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Thouraya Hadj Amor & Christophe Rault, 2014. "Sources Of Real Exchange Rate Volatility And International Financial Integration: A Dynamic Generalised Method Of Moments Panel Approach," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(6), pages 810-820, August.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.