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Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls

Author

Listed:
  • Ms. Eliane A. Cardoso
  • Mr. Ilan Goldfajn

Abstract

This paper creates an index of capital controls to analyze the determinants of capital flows to Brazil, accounting for the endogeneity of capital controls by considering a government that sets controls in response to capital flows. It finds that the government reacts strongly to capital flows by increasing controls on inflows during booms and relaxing them in moments of distress. The paper estimates a vector autoregression with capital flows, controls, and interest differentials. It shows that controls have been temporarily effective in altering levels and composition of capital flows but have had no sustained effects in the long run.

Suggested Citation

  • Ms. Eliane A. Cardoso & Mr. Ilan Goldfajn, 1997. "Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls," IMF Working Papers 1997/115, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:1997/115
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guillermo A. Calvo & Leonardo Leiderman & Carmen M. Reinhart, 1996. "Inflows of Capital to Developing Countries in the 1990s," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 10(2), pages 123-139, Spring.
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    4. Mr. Willy A Hoffmaister & Mr. Carlos I. Medeiros & Pierre-Richard Agénor, 1997. "Cyclical Fluctuations in Brazil's Real Exchange Rate: The Role of Domestic and External Factors," IMF Working Papers 1997/128, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Reinhart, Carmen M. & Smith, R. Todd, 2002. "Temporary controls on capital inflows," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 327-351, August.
    6. Cardenas, Mauricio & Barrera, Felipe, 1997. "On the effectiveness of capital controls: The experience of Colombia during the 1990s," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 27-57, October.
    7. Garcia, Marcio G. P. & Barcinski, Alexandre, 1998. "Capital Flows to Brazil in the Nineties: Macroeconomic Aspects and the Effectiveness of Capital Controls," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(3, Part 1), pages 319-357.
    8. Ilan Goldfajn & Rodrigo O. Valdés, 1999. "The Aftermath of Appreciations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 114(1), pages 229-262.
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    10. Mr. Michael P. Dooley, 1995. "A Survey of Academic Literatureon Controls Over International Capital Transactions," IMF Working Papers 1995/127, International Monetary Fund.
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    12. Cardoso, Eliana A. & Dornbusch, Rudiger, 1989. "Foreign private capital flows," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Hollis Chenery & T.N. Srinivasan (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 26, pages 1387-1439, Elsevier.
    13. Raúl Labán & Felipe Larraín, "undated". "Can a Liberalization of Capital Outflows Increase Net Capital Inflows?," Documentos de Trabajo 155, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    WP; capital flow; capital; control; Capital Flows; Capital Controls; exchange rate; foreign currency; controls to flow; capital transfer; capital control data; determinants of capital flow; effect of capital control; importance of capital control; Brazil's capital control; control measure; changes in capital control; Capital inflows; Capital outflows; Private capital flows; Eastern Europe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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