My bibliography
Save this item
Entrepreneurs' gender and financial constraints: Evidence from international data
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Rahman Ashiqur & Rahman M. Twyeafur & Belas Jaroslav, 2017. "Determinants of SME Finance: Evidence from Three Central European Countries," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, vol. 17(3), pages 263-285, September.
- Tarryn Kille & Retha Wiesner & Seung-Yong Lee & Melissa Johnson Morgan & Jane Summers & Daniel Davoodian, 2022. "Capital Factors Influencing Rural, Regional and Remote Women’s Entrepreneurship Development: An Australian Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-25, December.
- Yang, Xiaolan & Huang, Yidong & Gao, Mei, 2022. "Can digital financial inclusion promote female entrepreneurship? Evidence and mechanisms," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
- Paola Paoloni & Giuseppe Modaffari, 2018. "Female-Owned Innovative Startups in Italy: Status Quo and Implications," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-31, October.
- Mohammad Amin & Asif M. Islam, 2022. "Does manager education play a role in the productivity of informal firms in developing economies? Evidence from firm‐level surveys," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 962-984, May.
- Faisal Buyinza & John Mutenyo & Anthony Tibaingana, 2018. "Factors Affecting Access to Formal Credit by Micro and Small Enterprises in Uganda," Athens Journal of Business & Economics, Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), vol. 4(4), pages 405-424, October.
- Shivangi Bhatia & Seema Singh, 2019. "Empowering Women Through Financial Inclusion: A Study of Urban Slum," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 44(4), pages 182-197, December.
- Natalia Vershinina & Gideon Markman & Liang Han & Peter Rodgers & John Kitching & Nigar Hashimzade & Rowena Barrett, 2022.
"Gendered regulations and SME performance in transition economies,"
Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 1113-1130, February.
- Natalia Vershinina & Gideon Markman & Liang Han & Peter Rodgers & John Kitching & Nigar Hashimzade & Rowena Barrett, 2020. "Gendered regulations and SME performance in transition economies," Post-Print hal-03602098, HAL.
- Flèche, Sarah & Lepinteur, Anthony & Powdthavee, Nattavudh, 2021.
"The importance of capital in closing the entrepreneurial gender gap: A longitudinal study of lottery wins,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 591-607.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The Importance of Capital in Closing the Entrepreneurial Gender Gap: A Longitudinal Study of Lottery Wins," Post-Print halshs-03260992, HAL.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The importance of capital in closing the entrepreneurial gender gap: a longitudinal study of lottery wins," CEP Discussion Papers dp1762, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Flèche, Sarah & Lepinteur, Anthony & Powdthavee, Nattavudh, 2021. "The importance of capital in closing the entrepreneurial gender gap: a longitudinal study of lottery wins," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 112789, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The Importance of Capital in Closing the Entrepreneurial Gender Gap: A Longitudinal Study of Lottery Wins," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 21015, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The importance of capital in closing the entrepreneurial gender gap: a longitudinal study of lottery wins," Post-Print halshs-03472910, HAL.
- Fleche, Sarah & Lepinteur, Anthony & Powdthavee, Nattavudh, 2021. "The importance of capital in closing the entrepreneurial gender gap: a longitudinal study of lottery wins," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114438, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The importance of capital in closing the entrepreneurial gender gap: a longitudinal study of lottery wins," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-03472910, HAL.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The Importance of Capital in Closing the Entrepreneurial Gender Gap: A Longitudinal Study of Lottery Wins," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-03260992, HAL.
- Funmi (Olufunmilola) Ojediran & Alistair Anderson, 2020. "Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Global South: Empowering and Emancipating?," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-22, November.
- Kobil Ruziev & Don Webber, 2017. "SMEs access to formal finance in post-communist economies: Do institutional structure and political connectedness matter?," Working Papers 20171701, Department of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, Bristol.
- Khorana, Sangeeta & Webster, Allan, 2023. "Too few women at the top of firms: Foreign ownership, gender segregation and cultural causes," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1276, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Aterido, Reyes & Beck, Thorsten & Iacovone, Leonardo, 2013. "Access to Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is There a Gender Gap?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 102-120.
- José Garcia Montalvo & Marta Reynal-Querol, 2019. "Gender and credit risk: a view from the loan officer's desk," Economics Working Papers 1644, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
- Ina Ganguli & Ricardo Hausmann & Martina Viarengo, 2021.
"Gender Differences in Professional Career Dynamics: New Evidence from a Global Law Firm,"
Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 88(349), pages 105-128, January.
- Ganguli, Ina & Hausmann, Ricardo & Viarengo, Martina, 2020. "Gender Differences in Professional Career Dynamics: New Evidence from a Global Law Firm," IZA Discussion Papers 13174, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Ina Ganguli & Ricardo Hausmann & Martina Viarengo, 2020. "Gender Differences in Professional Career Dynamics: New Evidence from a Global Law Firm," CESifo Working Paper Series 8257, CESifo.
- Ina Ganguli & Martina Viarengo & Ricardo Hausmann, 2020. "Gender Differences in Professional Career Dynamics: New Evidence from a Global Law Firm," CID Working Papers 378, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
- Ina Ganguli & Martina Viarengo & Ricardo Hausmann, 2020. "Gender Differences in Professional Career Dynamics: New Evidence from a Global Law Firm," Growth Lab Working Papers 156, Harvard's Growth Lab.
- Valerija Botric & Tanja Broz, 2017. "Gender Differences in Financial Inclusion: Central and South Eastern Europe," South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, Association of Economic Universities of South and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region, vol. 15(2), pages 209-227.
- Gómez, Jaime & Krammer, Sorin M.S. & Pérez-Aradros, Beatriz & Salazar, Idana, 2024. "Resilience to the pandemic: The role of female management, multi-unit structure, and business model innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
- Barbara Orser & Susan Coleman & Yanhong Li, 2020. "Progress or pinkwashing: who benefits from digital women-focused capital funds?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 363-387, August.
- Melain Modeste Senou & Julius Manda, 2022. "Access to finance and rural youth entrepreneurship in Benin: Is there a gender gap?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(1), pages 29-41, March.
- Sandhya Garg & Samarth Gupta, 2021. "Financial Access and Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship and Employment: Evidence from Rural India," IEG Working Papers 442, Institute of Economic Growth.
- de Andrés, Pablo & Gimeno, Ricardo & Mateos de Cabo, Ruth, 2021.
"The gender gap in bank credit access,"
Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
- Pablo de Andrés & Ricardo Gimeno & Ruth Mateos de Cabo, 2019. "The gender gap in bank credit access," Working Papers 1945, Banco de España.
- Vojtech Bartos & Silvia Castro & Kristina Czura & Timm Opitz, 2023.
"Gendered Access to Finance: The Role of Team Formation, Idea Quality, and Implementation Constraints in Business Evaluations,"
Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series
473, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
- Vojtĕch Bartŏs & Silvia Castro & Kristina Czura & Timm Opitz & Vojtech Bartos, 2024. "Gendered Access to Finance: The Roles of Team Formation, Idea Quality, and Implementation Constraints in Business Evaluations," CESifo Working Paper Series 11205, CESifo.
- Vojtech Bartos & Silvia Castro & Kristina Czura & Timm Opitz, 2023. "Gendered Access to Finance: The Role of Team Formation, Idea Quality, and Implementation Constraints in Business Evaluations," CESifo Working Paper Series 10719, CESifo.
- Tolga Cebeci & Sammar Essmat, 2015. "Women-Led Enterprises in Turkey," World Bank Publications - Reports 25409, The World Bank Group.
- Lee, In Hyeock & Paik, Yongsun & Uygur, Ugur, 2016. "Does Gender Matter in the Export Performance of International New Ventures? Mediation Effects of Firm-specific and Country-specific Advantages," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 365-379.
- José Luis Crespo-Espert & Antonio García-Tabuenca & Federico Pablo-Martí, 2012.
"Women, entrepreneurial activity and territory: differences or myths?,"
Chapters, in: Charlie Karlsson & Börje Johansson & Roger R. Stough (ed.), Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Governance, chapter 6, pages 115-159,
Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Antonio Garcia-Tabuenca & Jose L. Crespo-Espert & Federico Pablo-Marti, 2011. "Women, Entrepreneurial Activity And Territory: Differences Or Myths?," ERSA conference papers ersa10p1465, European Regional Science Association.
- S. Brana, 2013.
"Microcredit: an answer to the gender problem in funding?,"
Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 87-100, January.
- Sophie Brana, 2008. "Microcredit: an answer to the gender problem in funding?," Working Papers hal-00740098, HAL.
- Sophie Brana, 2010. "Microcredit: an answer to the gender problem in funding?," Larefi Working Papers 1008, Larefi, Université Bordeaux 4.
- Giorgio Calcagnini & Germana Giombini & Elisa Lenti, 2012. "Gender differences in bank loan access," Working Papers 1212, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Economics, Society & Politics - Scientific Committee - L. Stefanini & G. Travaglini, revised 2012.
- Nataliya Barasinska & Dorothea Schäfer, 2010. "Are Women More Credit-Constrained than Men?: Evidence from a Rising Credit Market," Working Paper / FINESS 6.3, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
- Bui, Anh Tuan & Nguyen, Cuong Viet & Pham, Thu Phuong & Phung, Duc Tung, 2022. "Female leadership and borrowing constraints: Evidence from an emerging economy," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
- Pragati Priya & Chandan Sharma, 2023. "Do financial constraints and corruption limit firms' innovation capability? Evidence from developing economies," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 1935-1961, June.
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Yoshino, Naoyuki & Fukuda, Lisa, 2019.
"Gender and Corporate Success: An Empirical Analysis of Gender-Based Corporate Performance on a Sample of Asian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises,"
ADBI Working Papers
937, Asian Development Bank Institute.
- Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary & Naoyuki Yoshino & Lisa Fukuda, 2019. "Gender and Corporate Success: An Empirical Analysis of Gender-Based Corporate Performance on a Sample of Asian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," Working Papers id:13032, eSocialSciences.
- Shusen Qi & Steven Ongena & Hua Cheng, 2022. "Working with women, do men get all the credit?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1427-1447, December.
- Chen, Xiao & Huang, Bihong & Ye, Dezhu, 2020. "Gender gap in peer-to-peer lending: Evidence from China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
- Shreya Biswas, 2021. "She Innovates- Female owner and firm innovation in India," Papers 2109.09515, arXiv.org.
- Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Klapper, Leora & Singer, Dorothe, 2013. "Financial inclusion and legal discrimination against women : evidence from developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6416, The World Bank.
- Emma Galli & Danilo Valerio Mascia & Stefania Patrizia Sonia Rossi, 2018. "Does Corruption Influence the Self-Restraint Attitude of Women-led SMEs towards Bank Lending?," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 64(3), pages 426-455.
- Julita E. Wasilczuk, 2015. "Entrepreneurial Motivations and Management Decisions Versus Gender in Micro-Firms (Plec a motywacje przedsiebiorcze oraz podejmowane przez mikroprzedsiebiorcow decyzje zarzadcze)," Problemy Zarzadzania, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 13(56), pages 115-130.
- Saibal Ghosh, 2023. "Gender and discouraged borrowers: Evidence from India," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(7), pages 1731-1752, October.
- Charles Ackah & Holger Görg & Aoife Hanley & Cecilia Hornok, 2024.
"Africa’s businesswomen – underfunded or underperforming?,"
Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1051-1074, March.
- Ackah, Charles & Görg, Holger & Hanley, Aoife & Hornok, Cecília, 2023. "Africa's businesswomen - Underfunded or underperforming?," Kiel Working Papers 2242, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
- Sabarwal, Shwetlena & Terrell, Katherine, 2008.
"Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia,"
IZA Discussion Papers
3758, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Shwetlena Sabarwal & Katherine Terrell, 2016. "Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia," Working Papers id:8461, eSocialSciences.
- Sabarwal, Shwetlena & Terrell, Katherine, 2008. "Does gender matter for firm performance ? evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4705, The World Bank.
- Nelli S. Gazanchyan & Nigar Hashimzade & Yulia Rodionova & Natalia Vershinina, 2017. "Gender, Access to Finance, Occupational Choice, and Business Performance," CESifo Working Paper Series 6353, CESifo.
- Rolando Gonzales & Gabriela Aguilera-Lizarazu & Andrea Rojas-Hosse & Patricia Aranda, 2016. "Preference for women but less preference for indigenous women: A lab-field experiment of loan discrimination in a developing economy," Working Papers PIERI 2016-24, PEP-PIERI.
- Ambreen Salahuddin & Qaisar Khalid Mahmood & Akhlaq Ahmad, 2022. "Breaking second glass ceiling: lived experiences of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 61-72, February.
- Adem Yavuz Elveren & Hale Kirmizioglu, 2022.
"Financial Development and Female Labor Income Share: Evidence from Global Data,"
World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 8(1), pages 35-49, June.
- Kırmızıoğlu, Hale & Elveren, Adem Yavuz, 2022. "Financial Development and Female Labor Income Share: Evidence from Global Data," MPRA Paper 112861, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Lamessa T. Abdisa & Alemu L. Hawitibo, 2021. "Firm performance under financial constraints: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
- Wang, Xu & Deng, Shengliang & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Women executives and financing pecking order of GEM-listed companies: Moderating roles of social capital and regional institutional environment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 466-478.
- Zhang, Dengjun & Wellalage, Nirosha Hewa & Fernandez, Viviana, 2022. "Environmental assurance, gender, and access to finance: Evidence from SMEs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
- Annie bellier & Wafa Sayeh & Stéphanie Serve, 2012. "What lies behind credit rationing? A survey of the literature," THEMA Working Papers 2012-39, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
- Stefania Basiglio & Paola De Vincentiis & Eleonora Isaia & Mariacristina Rossi, 2019.
"Credit Access and Approval,"
Working papers
061, Department of Economics, Social Studies, Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Sociali e Matematico-Statistiche), University of Torino.
- Stefania Basiglio & Eleonora Isaia & Mariacristina Rossi & Paola De Vincentiis, 2019. "“Credit Access and Approval”," CeRP Working Papers 189, Center for Research on Pensions and Welfare Policies, Turin (Italy).
- Bethany Smith & Charles M. Tolbert, 2018. "Financial Motivations And Small Business Longevity: The Effects Of Gender And Race," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(04), pages 1-20, December.
- Caglayan, Mustafa & Talavera, Oleksandr & Xiong, Lin, 2022.
"Female small business owners in China: Discouraged, not discriminated,"
Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
- Mustafa Caglayan & Oleksandr Talavera & Lin Xiong, 2020. "Female Small Business Owners in China: Discouraged, not Discriminated," Discussion Papers 20-04, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
- Islam, Asif M. & Amin, Mohammad, 2023.
"The gender labor productivity gap across informal firms,"
World Development, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
- Islam,Asif Mohammed & Amin,Mohammad, 2022. "The Gender Labor Productivity Gap across Informal Firms," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10011, The World Bank.
- Steven Ongena & Alexander Popov, 2016.
"Gender Bias and Credit Access,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 48(8), pages 1691-1724, December.
- Ongena, Steven & Popov, Alexander, 2015. "Gender bias and credit access," Working Paper Series 1822, European Central Bank.
- Elena Bardasi & Shwetlena Sabarwal & Katherine Terrell, 2011. "How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 417-441, November.
- Juan Wu & Yaokuang Li & Daru Zhang, 2019. "Identifying women’s entrepreneurial barriers and empowering female entrepreneurship worldwide: a fuzzy-set QCA approach," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 905-928, September.
- Xie, Zhimin & Wang, Xia & Xie, Lingmin & Dun, Shuai & Li, Jiaxin, 2021. "Institutional context and female entrepreneurship: A country-based comparison using fsQCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 470-480.
- Olomola, Aderbigbe, 2014. "Business operations of agrodealers and their participation in the loan market in Nigeria:," IFPRI discussion papers 1400, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Aristei, David & Gallo, Manuela, 2016. "Does gender matter for firms' access to credit? Evidence from international data," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 67-75.
- Goran Calic & Moren Lévesque & Anton Shevchenko, 2024. "On why women-owned businesses take more time to secure microloans," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 917-938, October.
- Rolando Gonzales Martínez & Gabriela Aguilera‐Lizarazu & Andrea Rojas‐Hosse & Patricia Aranda Blanco, 2020. "The interaction effect of gender and ethnicity in loan approval: A Bayesian estimation with data from a laboratory field experiment," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 726-749, August.
- Pham, Tho & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2018.
"Discrimination, Social Capital, and Financial Constraints: The Case of Viet Nam,"
World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 228-242.
- Tho Pham & Oleksandr Talavera, 2017. "Discrimination, social capital, and financial constraints: The case of Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-67, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Francesco Chelli & Luisa Rosti, 2009. "Self employment among Italian female graduates," Quaderni di Dipartimento 090, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods.
- Srikant Devaraj & Pankaj C Patel, 2017. "Health insurance and employee productivity: Findings from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(2), pages 1351-1364.
- Duy, Nguyen Vu & Tran, Tien Quang, 2021. "The influence of international standards on SME tax compliance in Vietnam," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
- repec:diw:diwfin:diwfin06030 is not listed on IDEAS
- Imène Berguiga & Philippe Adair, 2022. "Funding female entrepreneurs in MENA countries (2013-2019): self-selection and discrimination," Erudite Working Paper 2022-05, Erudite.
- Asif Islam & Mohammad Amin, 2016.
"Women Managers and The Gender-Based Gap in Access to Education: Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Developing Countries,"
Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 127-153, July.
- Amin,Mohammad & Islam,Asif Mohammed, 2015. "Women managers and the gender-based gap in access to education : evidence from firm-level data in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7269, The World Bank.
- Inessa Love & Boris Nikolaev & Chandra Dhakal, 2024.
"The well-being of women entrepreneurs: the role of gender inequality and gender roles,"
Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 325-352, January.
- Inessa Love & Boris Nikolaev & Chandra Dhakal, 2023. "The Well-being of Women Entrepreneurs: The Role of Gender Inequality and Gender Roles," Working Papers 202303, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
- Nirosha Hewa Wellalage & Stuart Locke & Helen Samujh, 2020. "Firm bribery and credit access: evidence from Indian SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 283-304, June.
- Popov, Alexander & Zaharia, Sonia, 2017. "Credit market competition and the gender gap: evidence from local labor markets," Working Paper Series 2086, European Central Bank.
- Usman Muhammad & Farooq Muhammad Umar & Zhang Junrui & Makki Muhammad Abdul Majid & Sun Junqin, 2019. "She-E-Os and the Cost of Debt: Do Female CEOs Pay Less for Credit?," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 1-7, January.
- Klinger, Bailey & Schündeln, Matthias, 2011. "Can Entrepreneurial Activity be Taught? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Central America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 1592-1610, September.
- Ms. Corinne C Delechat & Ms. Monique Newiak & Rui Xu & Mr. Fan Yang & Goksu Aslan, 2018. "What is Driving Women’s Financial Inclusion Across Countries?," IMF Working Papers 2018/038, International Monetary Fund.
- Xuemei Xie & Jiuchang Lv, 2018. "Female technology entrepreneurs: resource shortages and reputation challenges – a view of institutional support," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 379-403, June.
- Mallik, Girijasankar & Nguyen, Duc Nguyen & Chowdhury, Anis, 2022. "Does firm size really affect the outcome of loan applications?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 806-820.
- Pavlova, Elitsa & Gvetadze, Salome, 2023. "Female access to finance: A survey of literature," EIF Working Paper Series 2022/87, European Investment Fund (EIF).
- Wellalage, Nirosha Hewa & Thrikawala, Sujani, 2021. "Bank credit, microfinance and female ownership: Are women more disadvantaged than men?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
- Faisal Buyinza & Anthony Tibaingana & John Mutenyo, 2018. "Factors Affecting Access to Formal Credit by Micro and Small Enterprises in Uganda," ICAE Working Papers 83, Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy.
- Maryia Akulava, 2015. "Gender and Innovativeness of the Enterprise: the Case of Transition Countries," BEROC Working Paper Series 31, Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC).
- Sekkat, Khalid & Szafarz, Ariane & Tojerow, Ilan, 2015.
"Women at the Top in Developing Countries: Evidence from Firm-Level Data,"
IZA Discussion Papers
9537, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Khalid Sekkat & Ariane Szafarz & Ilan Tojerow, 2015. "Women at the Top in Developing Countries: Evidence from Firm-Level Data," Working Papers CEB 15-048, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Amina Ika Micah, 2022. "Three essays on access to credit and financial shock in Nigeria," Economics PhD Theses 0422, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
- Senou, Melain Modeste & Manda, Julius, 2021. "Access to Finance and Rural Youth Entrepreneurship in Benin: Is There a Gender Gap?," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315077, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- Olomola, Aderibigbe S., 2014. "Determinants of Agro-Dealers’ Participation in the Loan Market in Nigeria," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 17(3), pages 1-20, September.
- Meng, Qingbin & Li, Xinyu & Chan, Kam C. & Gao, Shenghao, 2020. "Does short selling affect a firm's financial constraints?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
- Steven A. Brieger & Michael M. Gielnik, 2021. "Understanding the gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship: a multi-country study of immigrants’ embeddedness in economic, social, and institutional contexts," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1007-1031, February.
- Federico Pablo-Marti & Antonio GarcÃa-Tabuenca & José Luis Crespo-Espert, 2011. "Entrepreneurial Women, Differential Behaviours And Business Innovation," ERSA conference papers ersa11p1130, European Regional Science Association.
- Krista B. Lewellyn & Maureen I. Muller-Kahle, 2016. "A configurational approach to understanding gender differences in entrepreneurial activity: a fuzzy set analysis of 40 countries," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 765-790, September.
- Nguyen, Thi Nhung & Gan, Christopher & Hu, Baiding, 2015. "An empirical analysis of credit accessibility of small and medium sized enterprises in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 81911, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
- Florence D. Mndolwa & Abdul Latif Alhassan, 2020. "Gender disparities in financial inclusion: Insights from Tanzania," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 578-590, December.
- Tran, Viet T. & Nguyen, Trung Thanh & Tran, Nguyet T.M., 2019. "Gender difference in access to local finance and firm performance: Evidence from a panel survey in Vietnam," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 150-164.
- Amon Simba & Mahdi Tajeddin & Léo-Paul Dana & Domingo E. Ribeiro Soriano, 2024. "Deconstructing involuntary financial exclusion: a focus on African SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 285-305, January.
- Moro, Andrea & Wisniewski, Tomasz Piotr & Mantovani, Guido Massimiliano, 2017. "Does a manager's gender matter when accessing credit? Evidence from European data," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 119-134.
- António Afonso & Maria João Guedes, 2014. "EU Finance Ministers, Capital Markets and Fiscal Outcomes," Working Papers Department of Economics 2014/01, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
- Giorgio Calcagnini & Germana Giombini & Elisa Lenti, 2015. "Gender Differences in Bank Loan Access: An Empirical Analysis," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 1(2), pages 193-217, July.
- Saridakis, George & Marlow, Susan & Storey, David J., 2014. "Do different factors explain male and female self-employment rates?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 345-362.
- Alonso-Almeida, María del Mar, 2013. "Influence of gender and financing on tourist company growth," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(5), pages 621-631.
- Morsy, Hanan & El-Shal, Amira & Woldemichael, Andinet, 2019. "Women Self-Selection out of the Credit Market in Africa," MPRA Paper 100395, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Geiger, Mark, 2020. "A meta-analysis of the gender gap(s) in venture funding: Funder- and entrepreneur-driven perspectives," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 13(C).
- Meltem Ince, 2009. "A Socio-Economic Perspective on Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Turkey," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 4, pages 138-166.
- Aterido, Reyes & Beck, Thorsten & Iacovone, Leonardo, 2011. "Gender and finance in Sub-Saharan Africa : are women disadvantaged ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5571, The World Bank.
- Maria Lucia Stefani & Valerio Vacca, 2013. "Credit access for female firms: evidence from a survey on European SMEs," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 176, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
- Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Aldakhil, Abdullah Mohammed & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & Islam, Talat & Zaman, Khalid, 2019. "The impact of tourism and finance on women empowerment," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 234-254.
- Juanjuan Chen & Yabin Zhang & Zhujia Yin, 2018. "Education Premium In The Online Peer-To-Peer Lending Marketplace: Evidence From The Big Data In China," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(01), pages 45-64, March.
- repec:rdg:wpaper:em-dp2013-01 is not listed on IDEAS
- Oleksandr Talavera & Lin Xiong & Xiong Xiong, 2012.
"Social Capital and Access to Bank Financing: The Case of Chinese Entrepreneurs,"
Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(1), pages 55-69, January.
- Oleksandr Talavera & Lin Xiong & Xiong Xiong, 2010. "Social Capital and Access to Bank Financing: The Case of Chinese Entrepreneurs," University of East Anglia Applied and Financial Economics Working Paper Series 019, School of Economics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
- Sheela Pandey & Alejandro S. Amezcua, 2020. "Women’s business ownership and women’s entrepreneurship through the lens of U.S. federal policies," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1123-1152, April.
- Bellucci, Andrea & Borisov, Alexander & Zazzaro, Alberto, 2010.
"Does gender matter in bank-firm relationships? Evidence from small business lending,"
Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2968-2984, December.
- Andrea Bellucci & Alexander V. Borisov & Alberto Zazzaro, 2009. "Does Gender Matter in Bank-Firm Relationships? Evidence from Small Business Lending," Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers 31, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences.
- Supriya Garikipati & Susan Johnson & Isabelle Guérin & Ariane Szafarz, 2017.
"Microfinance and Gender: Issues, Challenges and The Road Ahead,"
Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(5), pages 641-648, May.
- Supriya Garikipati & Isabelle Guérin & Susan S.J. Johnson & Ariane Szafarz, 2016. "Microfinance and Gender: Issues, Challenges and the Road Ahead," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/239876, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Supriya Garikipati & Isabelle Guérin & Susan S.J. Johnson & Ariane Szafarz, 2017. "Microfinance and Gender: Issues, Challenges and the Road Ahead," Working Papers CEB 17-010, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Philippe Adair & Imène Berguiga, 2021. "Exogenous vs. endogenous obstacles to funding female entrepreneurs in MENA countries," Erudite Working Paper 2021-13, Erudite.
- Wellalage, Nirosha & Locke, Stuart, 2017. "Access to credit by SMEs in South Asia: do women entrepreneurs face discrimination," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 336-346.
- Ferdinando Giglio, 2020. "Access to Credit and Women Entrepreneurs: A Systematic Literature Review," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 312-335.
- Angela Hung & Joanne Yoong & Elizabeth Brown, 2012. "Empowering Women Through Financial Awareness and Education," OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions 14, OECD Publishing.
- Bengtsson, Ola & Sanandaji, Tino & Johannesson, Magnus, 2012. "The Psychology of the Entrepreneur and the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship," Working Paper Series 944, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, revised 30 Oct 2013.
- Nigar Hashimzade & Yulia Rodionova, 2013. "Gender Bias in Access to Finance, Occupational Choice, and Business Performance," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2013-01, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
- Aragon-Mendoza, Juan & Raposo, Mario & Roig-Dobón, Salvador, 2016. "Gender matters in venture creation decision," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2081-2086.
- Emma Galli & Danilo V. Mascia & Stefania P. S. Rossi, 2020. "Bank credit constraints for women‐led SMEs: Self‐restraint or lender bias?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 26(4), pages 1147-1188, September.
- repec:aer:wpaper:380 is not listed on IDEAS
- Lobna M. Abdellatif & Mohamed Ramadan & Sarah A. Elbakry, 2017. "How Gender Biased Are Female-Headed Household Transfers in Egypt?," Working Papers 1126, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Oct 2017.
- Jean-Christophe Statnik & Thi-Le-Giang Vu & Laurent Weill, 2023.
"Does Corruption Discourage More Female Entrepreneurs from Applying for Credit?,"
Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 65(1), pages 1-28, March.
- Jean-Christophe STATNIK & Thi-Le Giang VU & Laurent WEILL, 2021. "Does Corruption Discourage More Female Entrepreneurs from Applying for Credit?," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2021-05, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.
- Jean-Christophe Statnik & Thi-Le-Giang Vu & Laurent Weill, 2022. "Does Corruption Discourage More Female Entrepreneurs from Applying for Credit?," Post-Print hal-04410252, HAL.
- Hansen, Henrik & Rand, John, 2014. "Estimates of gender differences in firm’s access to credit in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 123(3), pages 374-377.
- Francesco Campanella & Luana Serino, 2019. "Gender and Financial Constraints: An Empirical Investigation in Italy," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(2), pages 109-120, April.
- Nirosha Hewa Wellalage & Stuart Locke & Helen Samujh, 2019. "Corruption, Gender and Credit Constraints: Evidence from South Asian SMEs," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 159(1), pages 267-280, September.
- Chen, Xiao & Huang, Bihong & Ye, Dezhu, 2019. "The Gender Gap in Peer-to-Peer Lending: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China," ADBI Working Papers 977, Asian Development Bank Institute.
- Mariasole Bannò & Giorgia Maria D’Allura & Graziano Coller & Celeste Varum, 2023. "Men are from Mars, women are from Venus: on lenders’ stereotypical views and the implications for a firm’s debt," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(2), pages 651-687, June.
- Made Aristia Prayudi & Diota Prameswari Vijaya & Luh Putu Ekawati, 2019. "What Drives Msme Performance? The Role Of Gender, Operational Aspects, And Social Environment," Journal of Contemporary Accounting, Master in Accounting Program, Faculty of Business & Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, vol. 1(2), pages 65-84, May.
- Tom Coupe, 2010. "Female Ministers, Governance and Reforms," Discussion Papers 34, Kyiv School of Economics.
- Kausik Chaudhuri & Subash Sasidharan & Rajesh Seethamma Natarajan Raj, 2020. "Gender, small firm ownership, and credit access: some insights from India," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1165-1181, April.
- Francis OSEI-TUTU & Laurent WEILL, 2020. "Does Access to Credit Come with Access to Voting? Democracy and Firm Financing Constraints," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2020-04, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.
- Dianne H. B. Welsh & Eugene Kaciak & Caroline Minialai, 2017. "The influence of perceived management skills and perceived gender discrimination in launch decisions by women entrepreneurs," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-33, March.
- Rose Fiamohe & Sènakpon Fidèle Ange Dedehouanou & Abdelkrim Araar, 2024. "What microfinance schemes for women-owned microenterprises’ productivity in rural Benin?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1075-1097, March.
- Blount, Ian & Triana, Maria del Carmen & Richard, Orlando & Li, Mingxiang, 2023. "How women CEOs’ financial knowledge and firm homophily affect venture performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).
- Tatiana Tsyganova & Galina Shirokova, 2010. "Gender Differences In Entrepreneurship: Evidence From Gem Data," Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, vol. 1(1).
- Pelger, Ines, 2012. "Male vs. female business owners: Are there differences in investment behavior?," VfS Annual Conference 2012 (Goettingen): New Approaches and Challenges for the Labor Market of the 21st Century 62016, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
- Osei-Tutu, Francis & Weill, Laurent, 2023. "Democracy favors access to credit of firms," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
- YVES ROBICHAUD & JEAN-CHARLES CACHON & EGBERT McGRAW, 2019. "Gender Differences In Venture Financing: A Study Among Canadian And Us Entrepreneurs," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(03), pages 1-21, September.
- Dong, Jiayun & Liang, Wenyuan & Liu, Weiping & Liu, Jinlong & Managi, Shunsuke, 2020. "Does forestland possession enhance households’ access to credit?—Examining China’s forestland mortgage policy," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 78-87.
- Radeef Chundakkadan & Subash Sasidharan, 2022. "Gender gap and access to finance: A cross‐country analysis," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 180-207, February.
- Julita E. Wasilczuk, 2017. "Women'S Entrepreneurship In Pomerania In Light Of Available Research," GUT FME Working Paper Series A 46, Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdansk University of Technology.
- Hyewon Kong & Seungyoup Choo, 2022. "Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Achievement Motivation and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Conditional Process Model of Entrepreneurship and Gender," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
- Aurora A. C. Teixeira & Halima Abdi Sharifu, 2017. "Female Entrepreneurship And Access To Bank Loans In Tanzania: A Double-Hurdle Model Approach," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(03), pages 1-29, September.
- Christopher J. Boudreaux & Boris Nikolaev, 2018.
"Shattering the glass ceiling? How the institutional context mitigates the gender gap in entrepreneurship,"
Papers
1812.03771, arXiv.org.
- Boudreaux, Christopher & Nikolaev, Boris, 2018. "Shattering the glass ceiling? How the institutional context mitigates the gender gap in entrepreneurship," MPRA Paper 90402, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Claudia Trentini & Malinka Koparanova, 2013. "Corruption and entrepreneurship: does gender matter?," ECE Discussion Papers Series 2013_1, UNECE.
- Tchapo Gbandi & Ayira Korem & Kossiwa Zinsou-Klassou, 2024. "Save women entrepreneurs: gender, cultural context, and micro-commerce performance in Togo," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1099-1133, March.
- Miriam Bruhn & Inessa Love, 2011. "Gender differences in the impact of banking services: evidence from Mexico," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 493-512, November.
- Sara Poggesi & Michela Mari & Luisa Vita, 2016. "What’s new in female entrepreneurship research? Answers from the literature," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 735-764, September.
- Andrei Yakovlev & Irina Levina & Anastasia Kazun, 2015. "Attitude to the National Leader Through the Lenses of Investment Climate Assessment: The Case of Russia," HSE Working papers WP BRP 98/EC/2015, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
- Francesca Maria Cesaroni & Francesca Lotti & Paolo Emilio Mistrulli, 2013. "Female firms and banks� lending behaviour: what happened during the great recession?," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 177, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
- Antonio Garcia-Tabuenca & Federico Pablo-Martà & Fernando Crecente-Romero, 2015. "Women entrepreneurship. Changes in access to credit and business results (2003-2013)," ERSA conference papers ersa15p496, European Regional Science Association.
- Claudia Piras & Andrea Filippo Presbitero & Roberta Rabellotti, 2013. "Definitions Matter: Measuring Gender Gaps in Firms' Access to Credit," Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers 90, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences.
- Annim, Samuel & Arun, Thankom Gopinath, 2013. "Is Climbing Difficult? A Gendered Analysis on the Use of Financial Services in Ghana and South Africa," IZA Discussion Papers 7688, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Christa Hainz & Tatjana Nabokin, 2013. "Measurement and Determinants of Access to Loans," CESifo Working Paper Series 4190, CESifo.
- Reynal-Querol, Marta & GarcÃa-Montalvo, José, 2020. "Gender And Credit Risk: A View From The Loan Officer'S Desk," CEPR Discussion Papers 14500, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- World Bank, 2017. "Republic of Armenia Leveling the STEM Playing Field for Women," World Bank Publications - Reports 26766, The World Bank Group.
- Mascia, Danilo V. & Rossi, Stefania P.S., 2017. "Is there a gender effect on the cost of bank financing?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 136-153.
- Agarwal, Sumit & Green, Richard & Rosenblatt, Eric & Yao, Vincent W. & Zhang, Jian, 2018. "Gender difference and intra-household economic power in mortgage signing order," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 86-100.
- Pham, Tho & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2018.
"Discrimination, Social Capital, and Financial Constraints: The Case of Viet Nam,"
World Development,
Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 228-242.
- Tho Pham & Oleksandr Talavera, 2017. "Discrimination, social capital, and financial constraints: The case of Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series 067, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Mohamed Arouri & Nguyen Viet Cuong, 2020. "Does microcredit reduce the gender gap in employment? Evidence from Egypt," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(2), pages 111-124, June.
- José García-Montalvo & Marta Reynal-Querol, 2019. "Gender and Credit Risk: A View From the Loan Officer’s Desk," Working Papers 1076, Barcelona School of Economics.
- Basiglio, Stefania, 2018. "Essays on financial behaviour of households and firms," Other publications TiSEM c13423c5-8bf2-44a7-baa7-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Ruiying Xiao, 2024. "Female Entrepreneur on Board:Assessing the Effect of Gender on Corporate Financial Constraints," Papers 2401.02134, arXiv.org.
- Sarah Flèche & Anthony Lepinteur & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2021. "The Importance of Capital in Closing the Entrepreneurial Gender Gap: A Longitudinal Study of Lottery Wins," Working Papers halshs-03260992, HAL.
- Arun, Shoba & Annim, Samuel & Arun, Thankom Gopinath, 2016. "'Even' After Access to Financial Services? Ricocheting Gender Equations," IZA Discussion Papers 10099, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Dong, Jiayun & Liang, Wenyuan & Fu, Yimin & Liu, Weiping & Managi, Shunsuke, 2021. "Impact of devolved forest tenure reform on formal credit access for households: Evidence from Fujian, China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 486-498.
- World Bank, 2014. "Tunisia : Breaking the Barriers to Youth Inclusion [Tunisie - Surmonter les obstacles a l'inclusion des jeunes]," World Bank Publications - Reports 20693, The World Bank Group.
- Steve Loris Gui-Diby & S. Selsah Pasali & Diana Rodriguez-Wong, 2017. "What’s Gender Got to do with Firm Productivity? Evidence from Firm Level Data in Asia," MPDD Working Paper Series WP/17/01, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).
- Hang Thu Nguyen & Hiep Manh Nguyen & Michael Troege & Anh T. H. Nguyen, 2021. "Debt aversion, education, and credit self-rationing in SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1125-1143, October.
- Stefania Basiglio & Paola Vincentiis & Eleonora Isaia & Mariacristina Rossi, 2023. "Women-led Firms and Credit Access. A Gendered Story?," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 9(1), pages 199-233, March.