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The impact of tourism and finance on women empowerment

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  • Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
  • Aldakhil, Abdullah Mohammed
  • Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi
  • Islam, Talat
  • Zaman, Khalid

Abstract

The Goal-5 of United Nations Development Agenda for gender equality and women empowerment through equalizing the ratio of girls and boys enrolment in primary education remains suffered in almost every part of the globalized world, which does not even violate the basic human rights while it is the mandatory foundation for global peace and prosperity. The contribution of international tourism development to empower women is the key initiative of the developed world to provide an equal opportunity to the women to sustain their livelihoods. This study focused on the role of international tourism development on women empowerment through mediating a number of financial factors in a panel of 24 selected European countries, over a period of 1990–2015. The results show that financial intermediaries act as a catalyst to empower women through international tourism. More specifically, tourism and financial factors promote (i) gender parity in tertiary enrollment, (ii) gender parity in primary and secondary school enrollment, (iii) female employment, and (iv) women’s share in non-agriculture wage employment, while the results further support the (i) growth-led tourism, (ii) finance-led growth, (iii) growth stimulate women empowerment, and (iv) tourism-induced women’s empowerment hypothesis across countries.

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  • Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Aldakhil, Abdullah Mohammed & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & Islam, Talat & Zaman, Khalid, 2019. "The impact of tourism and finance on women empowerment," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 234-254.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:41:y:2019:i:2:p:234-254
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2018.12.001
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    4. Khan, Majid, 2023. "Shifting Gender Roles in Society and the Workplace: Implications for Environmental Sustainability," MPRA Paper 116306, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Feb 2023.
    5. Claudia Gil Arroyo & Carla Barbieri & Sandra Sotomayor & Whitney Knollenberg, 2019. "Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, May.
    6. Xuesong Xi & Haiyun Xu & Qiang Zhao & Guohan Zhao, 2021. "Making Rural Micro-Regeneration Strategies Based on Resident Perceptions and Preferences for Traditional Village Conservation and Development: The Case of Huangshan Village, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.
    7. Sajeda Pervin & Mohammad Nazari Ismail & Abu Hanifa Md Noman, 2023. "Does Microfinance Singlehandedly Empower Women? A Case Study of Bangladesh," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440221, May.
    8. Zhang, Junpeng & Pang, Deliang & Yang, Leijing & Ouyang, Wenjun, 2023. "Risk and synergy of multinational enterprise mergers and acquisitions under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 718-729.
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    10. Farah Fathizadeh & Farhad Azizpour & Nader Sanati Sharghi & Heather L. Mair, 2022. "Boolean Analysis of Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Rural Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    11. Abolfazl Shahabadi & Nafiseh Mirnezami & Masoume Shafieian, 2024. "Knowledge Components’ Effect and Interaction Effect of Dimensions of Globalization and Good Governance on Women’s Empowerment," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 5271-5287, June.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    International Tourism; Women empowerment; Financial intermediaries; Per capita GDP; Panel econometric techniques; European countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • Z32 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Tourism and Development

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