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Debt and Default in the 1930s: Causes and Consequences
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Cited by:
- Catão, Luis A.V. & Fostel, Ana & Kapur, Sandeep, 2009.
"Persistent gaps and default traps,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 271-284, July.
- Luis A. V. Catao & Ana Fostel & Sandeep Kapur, 2008. "Persistent Gaps and Default Traps," Birkbeck Working Papers in Economics and Finance 0803, Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics.
- Barry Eichengreen, 1989.
"The US Capital Market and Foreign Lending, 1920–1955,"
NBER Chapters, in: Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance, Volume 1: The International Financial System, pages 107-156,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Barry Eichengreen, 1989. "The US Capital Market and Foreign Lending, 1920–1955," NBER Chapters, in: Developing Country Debt and the World Economy, pages 237-248, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Peter Rowland, 2004. "The Colombian Sovereign Spread and its Determinants," Borradores de Economia 315, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
- Marc Flandreau & Juan H. Flores & Norbert Gaillard & Sebastián Nieto-Parra, 2010.
"The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815–2007,"
NBER Chapters, in: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2009, pages 53-92,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Marc Flandreau & Juan H. Flores & Norbert Gaillard & Sebastián Nieto-Parra, 2010. "The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815-2007," NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 6(1), pages 53-92.
- Marc Flandreau & Juan H. Flores & Norbert Gaillard & Sebastián Nieto-Parra, 2009. "The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815-2007," NBER Working Papers 15128, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Flandreau, Marc & Flores, Juan & Gaillard, Norbert & Nieto-Parra, Sebastian, 2009. "The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815-2007," CEPR Discussion Papers 7347, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Marc Flandreau & Juan H. Flores & Norbert Gaillard & Sebastián Nieto-Parra, 2009. "The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815-2007," IHEID Working Papers 04-2009, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
- Marc Flandreau & Juan H. Flores & Norbert Gaillard & Sebastián Nieto-Parra, 2009. "The End of Gatekeeping: Underwriters and the Quality of Sovereign Bond Markets, 1815–2007," Working Papers CEB 10-017.RS, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Sturzenegger, Federico & Zettelmeyer, Jeromin, 2008.
"Haircuts: Estimating investor losses in sovereign debt restructurings, 1998-2005,"
Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 780-805, September.
- Federico Sturzenegger and Jeromin Zettelmeyer, 2006. "Haircuts: Estimating Investors Losses in Sovereign Debt Restructurings, 1998-2005," Business School Working Papers 2006-02, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
- Marc Flandreau & Kim Oosterlinck, 2011.
"Was the Emergence of the International Gold Standard Expected? Melodramatic Evidence from Indian Government Securities,"
Working Papers
0005, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
- Marc Flandreau & Kim Oosterlinck, 2011. "Was the Emergence of the International Gold Standard Expected?Melodramatic Evidence from Indian Government Securities," Working Papers CEB 11-001, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Marc Flandreau, Kim Oosterlinck, 2011. "Was the Emergence of the International Gold Standard Expected? Melodramatic Evidence from Indian Government Securities," IHEID Working Papers 01-2011, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
- Rudiger Dornbusch & Thomas S. Johnson & Anne O. Krueger, 1988.
"Our LDC Debts,"
NBER Chapters, in: The United States in the World Economy, pages 161-214,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Rudiger Dornbusch, 1987. "Our LDC Debts," NBER Working Papers 2138, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Barry Eichengreen, 1991.
"Historical Research on International Lending and Debt,"
Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 5(2), pages 149-169, Spring.
- Eichengreen, Barry, 1990. "Historical Research on International Lending and Debt," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt39n6n9ns, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Barry Eichengreen., 1990. "Historical Research on International Lending and Debt," Economics Working Papers 90-153, University of California at Berkeley.
- Flandreau, Marc & Oosterlinck, Kim, 2012. "Was the emergence of the international gold standard expected? Evidence from Indian Government securities," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(7), pages 649-669.
- Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke, 2017.
"Two Great Trade Collapses: The Interwar Period & Great Recession Compared,"
NBER Working Papers
23825, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- O'Rourke, Kevin, 2017. "Two Great Trade Collapses: The Interwar Period & Great Recession Compared," CEPR Discussion Papers 12286, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Kim Oosterlinck, 2013.
"Sovereign debt defaults: insights from history,"
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 29(4), pages 697-714, WINTER.
- Kim Oosterlinck, 2013. "Sovereign Debt Defaults: Insights from History," Post-Print CEB, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 29(4), pages 697-714.
- Mr. Jochen R. Andritzky & Julian Schumacher, 2019. "Long-Term Returns in Distressed Sovereign Bond Markets: How Did Investors Fare?," IMF Working Papers 2019/138, International Monetary Fund.
- Chiţu, Livia & Eichengreen, Barry & Mehl, Arnaud, 2014.
"History, gravity and international finance,"
Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 104-129.
- Mehl, Arnaud & Eichengreen, Barry & Chiţu, Livia, 2012. "History, gravity and international finance," Working Paper Series 1466, European Central Bank.
- Livia Chițu & Barry Eichengreen & Arnaud J. Mehl, 2013. "History, Gravity and International Finance," NBER Working Papers 18697, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Alfaro, Laura & Kanczuk, Fabio, 2006.
"Sovereign Debt: Indexation and Maturity,"
IDB Publications (Working Papers)
1578, Inter-American Development Bank.
- Laura Alfaro & Fabio Kanczuk, 2006. "Sovereign Debt: Indexation and Maturity," Research Department Publications 4459, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
- Peter H. Lindert & Peter J. Morton, 1989.
"How Sovereign Debt Has Worked,"
NBER Chapters, in: Developing Country Debt and the World Economy, pages 225-236,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Peter H. Lindert & Peter J. Morton, 1989. "How Sovereign Debt Has Worked," NBER Chapters, in: Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance, Volume 1: The International Financial System, pages 39-106, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Asonuma, Tamon & Niepelt, Dirk & Ranciere, Romain, 2023.
"Sovereign bond prices, haircuts and maturity,"
Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
- Dirk Niepelt, 2017. "Sovereign Bond Prices, Haircuts and Maturity," Diskussionsschriften dp1703, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
- Mr. Tamon Asonuma & Dirk Niepelt & Mr. Romain Ranciere, 2017. "Sovereign Bond Prices, Haircuts and Maturity," IMF Working Papers 2017/119, International Monetary Fund.
- Dirk Niepelt, 2022. "Sovereign Bond Prices, Haircuts and Maturity," Diskussionsschriften dp2213, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
- Rancière, Romain & , & Asonuma, Tamon, 2017. "Sovereign Bond Prices, Haircuts and Maturity," CEPR Discussion Papers 12252, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Tamon Asonuma & Dirk Niepelt & Romain Rancière, 2017. "Sovereign Bond Prices, Haircuts and Maturity," NBER Working Papers 23864, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Graciela Laura Kaminsky & Pablo Vega-García, 2016.
"Systemic And Idiosyncratic Sovereign Debt Crises,"
Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 80-114, February.
- Graciela Laura Kaminsky & Pablo Vega-García, 2013. "Systemic and Idiosyncratic Sovereign Debt Crises," NBER Chapters, in: Sovereign Debt and Financial Crises, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Graciela Laura Kaminsky & Pablo Vega-García, 2016. "Systemic and Idiosyncratic Sovereign Debt Crises," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 80-114.
- Graciela L. Kaminsky & Pablo Vega-García, 2014. "Systemic and Idiosyncratic Sovereign Debt Crises," NBER Working Papers 20042, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Kaminsky, Graciela & Vega-Garcia, Pablo, 2015. "Systemic and Idiosyncratic Sovereign Debt Crises," MPRA Paper 65996, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Zotteri, Stefania & Franco, Daniele & Balassone, Fabrizio, 2003. "Fiscal rules for sub-national governments: what lessons from EMU countries?," Sede de la CEPAL en Santiago (Estudios e Investigaciones) 34926, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
- Martinez, Jose Vicente & Sandleris, Guido, 2011.
"Is it punishment? Sovereign defaults and the decline in trade,"
Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 909-930, October.
- Jose Vicente Martinez and Guido Sandleris, 2008. "Is it Punishment? Sovereign Defaults and the Decline in Trade," Business School Working Papers 2008-01, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
- Luis Catão & Sandeep Kapur, 2006. "Volatility and the Debt-Intolerance Paradox," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 53(2), pages 1-1.
- Mitchener, Kris James & Wandschneider, Kirsten, 2013. "Capital Controls and Recovery from the Financial Crisis of the 1930s," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 132, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Hernandez-Trillo, Fausto, 1995. "A model-based estimation of the probability of default in sovereign credit markets," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 163-179, February.
- Ms. Ana L Fostel & Sandeep Kapur & Mr. Luis Catão, 2007. "Persistent Gaps, Volatility Types, and Default Traps," IMF Working Papers 2007/148, International Monetary Fund.
- -, 2021. "An innovative financing for development agenda for the recovery in Latin America and the Caribbean," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 47490 edited by Eclac, May.
- Christian Senga & Danny Cassimon, 2019. "African Eurobonds: why we should (not) worry!," BeFinD Policy Briefs 8, University of Namur, Department of Economics.
- Reinhart, Carmen & Trebesch, Christoph, 2014.
"A Distant Mirror of Debt, Default, and Relief,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
10195, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Reinhart, Carmen M. & Trebesch, Christoph, 2014. "A Distant Mirror of Debt, Default, and Relief," Discussion Papers in Economics 21832, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
- Carmen M. Reinhart & Christoph Trebesch, 2014. "A Distant Mirror of Debt, Default, and Relief," NBER Working Papers 20577, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Reinhart, Carmen M. & Trebesch, Christoph, 2015. "Sovereign Debt Relief and Its Aftermath," Working Paper Series rwp15-028, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
- Carmen M. Reinhart & Christoph Trebesch, 2016.
"Sovereign Debt Relief and Its Aftermath,"
Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 215-251.
- Carmen M. Reinhart & Christoph Trebesch, 2016. "Sovereign Debt Relief And Its Aftermath," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 215-251, February.
- Reinhart, Carmen M. & Trebesch, Christoph, 2015. "Sovereign Debt Relief and Its Aftermath," Working Paper Series rwp15-028, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
- Reinhart, Carmen M. & Trebesch, Christoph, 2016. "Sovereign Debt Relief and Its Aftermath," Munich Reprints in Economics 43498, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
- Carmen M. Reinhart & Christoph Trebesch, 2015. "Sovereign Debt Relief and its Aftermath," CESifo Working Paper Series 5422, CESifo.
- Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke, 2018. "Two Great Trade Collapses: The Interwar Period and Great Recession Compared," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 66(3), pages 418-439, September.
- Flandreau, Marc, 2017. "Reputation, Regulation and the Collapse of International Capital Markets, 1920-1935," CEPR Discussion Papers 11747, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Laura Alfaro & Fabio Kanczuk, 2006.
"Sovereign Debt: Indexation and Maturity,"
Research Department Publications
4459, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
- Laura Alfaro & Fabio Kanczuk, 2006. "Sovereign Debt: Indexation and Maturity," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6709, Inter-American Development Bank.
- Ilhèm Gargouri & Majdi Ksantini, 2016. "The Determinants Of Public Debt," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 18(59), pages 111-124, March.
- Mitu Gulati & Ugo Panizza & W Mark C Weidemaier & Gracie Willingham, 0. "When Governments Promise to Prioritize Public Debt: Do Markets Care?," Journal of Financial Regulation, Oxford University Press, vol. 6(1), pages 41-74.
- Panizza, Ugo & Gulati, Mitu & Weidemaier, Mark & Willingham, Grace, 2019. "When Governments Promise to Prioritize Public Debt: Do Markets Care?," CEPR Discussion Papers 13673, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Mitu Gulati & Ugo Panizza & W. Mark C. Weidemaier & Gracie Willingham, 2019. "When Governments Promise to Prioritize Public Debt: Do Markets Care?," IHEID Working Papers 07-2019, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
- Dumitriu, Ramona & Stefanescu, Răzvan, 2020. "Iluzii financiare, Partea întâi [Financial Illusions, Part 1]," MPRA Paper 101201, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Jun 2020.
- Michael D. Bordo & Christopher M. Meissner, 2015. "Growing Up to Stability? Financial Globalization, Financial Development and Financial Crises," NBER Working Papers 21287, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Sule Ozler, 1988. "Evolution of Commerical Bank Lending to Developing Countries," UCLA Economics Working Papers 497, UCLA Department of Economics.
- Fafchamps, Marcel, 1996. "Sovereign debt, structural adjustment, and conditionality," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 313-335, August.
- Marcel Fafchamps, "undated". "Sovereign Debt, Structural Adjustment and Conditionality," Working Papers 96015, Stanford University, Department of Economics.
- Menbere Workie Tiruneh, 2004. "An Empirical Investigation Into the Determinants of External Indebtedness," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2004(3), pages 261-277.
- Papadia, Andrea, 2017. "Sovereign defaults during the Great Depression: the role of fiscal fragility," Economic History Working Papers 68943, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economic History.
- Romain Ranciere & Ana Fostel & Luis Catao, 2011. "Sudden Stops and Sovereign Defaults," 2011 Meeting Papers 1359, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Eichengreen, Barry & Portes, Richard, 1986. "The Anatomy of Financial Crises," CEPR Discussion Papers 130, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Barry Eichengreen & Richard Portes, 1987. "The Anatomy of Financial Crises," NBER Working Papers 2126, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- repec:eco:journ1:2014-02-19 is not listed on IDEAS
- Chow, Edward H., 1998. "Oil crises and sovereign debt's private financingedward," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 437-452.
- Ben Bemanke & Harold James, 1991. "The Gold Standard, Deflation, and Financial Crisis in the Great Depression: An International Comparison," NBER Chapters, in: Financial Markets and Financial Crises, pages 33-68, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Ben Bernanke & Harold James, 1990. "The Gold Standard, Deflation, and Financial Crisis in the Great Depression: An International Comparison," NBER Working Papers 3488, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Graciela Laura Kaminsky & Pablo Vega-Garcia, 2016. "Systemic and Idiosyncratic Sovereign Debt Crises," Working Papers 2016-27, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy.
- Mitchener, Kris James & Wandschneider, Kirsten, 2015. "Capital controls and recovery from the financial crisis of the 1930s," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(2), pages 188-201.
- Kris James Mitchener & Kirsten Wandschneider, 2014. "Capital Controls and Recovery from the Financial Crisis of the 1930s," NBER Working Papers 20220, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Mitchener, Kris & Wandschneider, Kirsten, 2014. "Capital Controls and Recovery from the Financial Crisis of the 1930s," CEPR Discussion Papers 10019, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Barry Eichengreen & Asmaa El-Ganainy & Rui Esteves & Kris James Mitchener, 2019. "Public Debt Through the Ages," NBER Working Papers 25494, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Eichengreen, Barry & El-Ganainy, Asmaa & Esteves, Rui & Mitchener, Kris James, 2019. "Public Debt Through the Ages," CEPR Discussion Papers 13471, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Mr. Barry J. Eichengreen & Ms. Asmaa A ElGanainy & Rui Pedro Esteves & Kris James Mitchener, 2019. "Public Debt Through the Ages," IMF Working Papers 2019/006, International Monetary Fund.
- James R. Brown & Lauren C. Lax & Bruce C. Petersen, 2010. "Financial Market Crises and Natural Resource Production," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 10(1), pages 93-124, March.
- Alejandro Guerson, 2006. "Fiscal Policy for Good: Reducing Macroeconomic Volatility in Uruguay," EcoMod2006 272100035, EcoMod.
- Mr. Luis Catão & Sandeep Kapur, 2004. "Missing Link: Volatility and the Debt Intolerance Paradox," IMF Working Papers 2004/051, International Monetary Fund.
- Abdul Waheed, 2017. "Determinants of External Debt: A Panel Data Analysis for Oil and Gas Exporting and Importing Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 234-240.
- Flandreau, Marc & Gaillard, Norbert & Packer, Frank, 2011. "To err is human: US rating agencies and the interwar foreign government debt crisis," European Review of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 495-538, December.
- Marc Flandreau & Norbert Gaillard & Frank Packer, 2010. "To err is human: rating agencies and the interwar foreign government debt crisis," BIS Working Papers 335, Bank for International Settlements.
- Currie, Carolyn, 2006. "A new theory of financial regulation: Predicting, measuring and preventing financial crises," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 48-71, February.
- Kenneth O. Ojo, 1989. "Debt Capacity Model of Sub‐Saharan Africa: Economic Issues and Perspectives," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 7(4), pages 393-412, December.
- Nicoletta Layher & Eyden Samunderu, 2020. "The Impact of the Introduction of Uniform European Collective Action Clauses on European Government Bonds as a Regulatory Result of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-32, December.
- Alogoskoufis, George & Malliaris, A.G. & Stengos, Thanasis, 2023. "The scope and methodology of economic and financial asymmetries," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
- Barry Eichengreen, 1988. "Did International Economic Forces Cause The Great Depression?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 6(2), pages 90-114, April.
- Barry Eichengreen., 1987. "Did International Economic Forces Cause the Great Depression?," Economics Working Papers 8751, University of California at Berkeley.
- Eichengreen, Barry, 1987. "Did International Economic Forces Cause the Great Depression?," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt27p2v5zm, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Carrera, Jorge & de la Vega, Pablo, 2021. "The impact of income inequality on public debt," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
- Alfaro, Laura & Kanczuk, Fabio, 2005. "Sovereign debt as a contingent claim: a quantitative approach," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 297-314, March.
- Marc Flandreau & Juan Flores, 2011. "Bondholders vs. bond-sellers? Investment banks and conditionality lending in the London market for foreign government debt, 1815-1913," Working Papers 0002, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
- Polito, Vito & Wickens, Mike, 2014. "Modelling the U.S. sovereign credit rating," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 202-218.
- Wickens, Michael R. & Polito, Vito, 2012. "Modelling the U.S. sovereign credit rating," CEPR Discussion Papers 9150, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Eberhardt, Markus, 2018. "(At Least) Four Theories for Sovereign Default," CEPR Discussion Papers 13084, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Laura Alfaro & Fabio Kanczuk, 2006. "Deuda soberana: indexación y vencimiento," Research Department Publications 4460, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
- Adam Tooze & Martin Ivanov, 2011. "Disciplining the ‘black sheep of the Balkans’: financial supervision and sovereignty in Bulgaria, 1902–38," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 64(1), pages 30-51, February.
- James R. Brown & Lauren C. Lax & Bruce C. Petersen, 2010. "Financial Market Crises and Natural Resource Production," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 10(1), pages 93-124, March.
- James R. Brown & Lauren C. Lax & Bruce C. Petersen, 2010. "Financial Market Crises and Natural Resource Production," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 10(s1), pages 93-124.
- Sule Ozler, 1992. "Have Commercial Banks Ignored History?," NBER Working Papers 3959, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Jeffrey D. Sachs, 1987. "International Policy Coordination: The Case of the Developing Country Debt Crisis," NBER Working Papers 2287, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- James D. Hamilton, 1988. "Role Of The International Gold Standard In Propagating The Great Depression," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 6(2), pages 67-89, April.