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Jenseits von Pfadabhängigkeit und natürlicher Auslese: Institutionentransfer aus diskursanalytischer Perspektive

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  • Scherrer, Christoph

Abstract

Pfadabhängigkeit und „natürliche Auslese“ markieren zwei Pole im Spektrum der Diskussionen um Institutionentransfers. Die These der Pfadabhängigkeit impliziert, dass, wenn überhaupt, nur ein inländischer Institutionenwandel von der Wahrnehmung ausländischer Institutionen beeinflusst wird und jedes Lernen (und vor allem der Versuch, das Gelernte umzusetzen) nur im Rahmen der bisher bestehenden Institutionen erfolgen kann. Die These des „one best way“ besagt dagegen, dass unter Strafe des Untergangs die effizienteste Praxis übernommen werden muss. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass auf der Basis derzeit vorherrschender Theorien, insbesondere der Neoklassik und der Neuen Institutionellen Ökonomie, die Frage nach der Möglichkeit des grenzüberschreitenden Institutionentransfers nicht hinreichend beantwortet werden kann. Stattdessen wird ein diskursanalytischer Zugang gewählt, der, ohne die prägende Kraft von Konkurrenz und institutionellem Vermächtnis verneinen zu müssen, den Blick für die politischen Auseinandersetzungen um den Institutionentransfer öffnet. Besondere Bedeutung wird dabei der Fähigkeit zentraler gesellschaftlicher Akteure beigemessen, andere relevante Akteure von den Vorzügen eines ausländischen Modells zu überzeugen und die Nachahmung dieses Modells einzuleiten. Anschauungsmaterial sind die Diskussionen um den Transfer wirtschaftspolitischer Institutionen zwischen den USA und Deutschland im 20. Jahrhundert.

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  • Scherrer, Christoph, 2001. "Jenseits von Pfadabhängigkeit und natürlicher Auslese: Institutionentransfer aus diskursanalytischer Perspektive," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Regulation of Work FS II 01-205, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbreg:fsii01205
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    1. Wolfgang Ochel, 2004. "Learning from abroad: Chances and limitations of transferring Institutions," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 2(04), pages 44-53, January.
    2. repec:ces:ifodic:v:2:y:2004:i:4:p:14567727 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Graf, Lukas, 2008. "Applying the varieties of capitalism approach to higher education: A case study of the internationalisation strategies of German and British universities," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2008-507, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    4. Wolfgang Ochel, 2004. "Lernen von anderen Ländern: Zum internationalen Vergleich und Transfer von Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 5(2), pages 139-158, May.

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