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Der Ruf der Sirenen - Zur Dynamik politischen Benchmarkings: Eine Analyse anhand der US-Sozialreformen

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  • Straßheim, Holger

Abstract

Seit Anfang der achtziger Jahre hat die Politik das Lernen durch Leistungsvergleiche entdeckt. Auf regionaler, nationaler und transnationaler Ebene bezeichnet Benchmarking einen Politikstil, der Entscheidungen im Rückgriff auf best practises formuliert und begründet. Diese Entwicklung wird mal als Ausdruck vermehrten Politiklernens, mal als Ergebnis eines zwanghaften Modewahns gedeutet. Die vorliegende Analyse der US-Sozialreformen zeigt, dass Benchmarking unter Bedingungen des experimentellen Wohlfahrtsstaates die Diffusion von Innovationen tatsächlich enorm beschleunigen und institutionalisieren kann. So erhält in den USA der jüngste sozialpolitische Paradigmenwandel (Welfare-to-Work) seine Dynamik in Verbindung mit einem parallel ablaufenden steuerungspolitischen Paradigmenwandel (Benchmarking). Benchmarking erreicht dieses Transferpotential durch eine Ausblendung des Randbedingungen und Reformfolgen. Seine scheinbare Neutralität macht es unwiderstehlich und unverzichtbar für die Legitimation von Reformentscheidungen. Lokale Sozialverwaltungen entziehen sich allerdings mehr und mehr diesem indirekt erzwungenen Transfer. Es ergeben sich Konsequenzen für die neuere Policy-Transfer-Forschung sowie für die vergleichende Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung.

Suggested Citation

  • Straßheim, Holger, 2001. "Der Ruf der Sirenen - Zur Dynamik politischen Benchmarkings: Eine Analyse anhand der US-Sozialreformen," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Regulation of Work FS II 01-201, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbreg:fsii01201
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    References listed on IDEAS

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