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Neue Mobilitätskonzepte in Deutschland: ökologische, soziale und wirtschaftliche Perspektiven

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  • Beutler, Felix
  • Brackmann, Jörg

Abstract

In den letzten Jahren sind in Deutschland viele neue Mobilitätskonzepte mit dem Ziel entstanden, Verkehr ressourcenschonender zu gestalten, indem Autofahrten durch die kombinierte Nutzung der Verkehrsmittel des Umweltverbunds (Bus/Bahn, Fahrrad, zu Fuß gehen) ersetzt werden. Im Kontext des Querschnittprojekts „Arbeit und Ökologie“ wurde qualitativ untersucht, inwieweit neue Mobilitätskonzepte dazu beitragen, sozialökologische und sozioökonomische Nachhaltigkeitsziele zu erreichen. Dazu wird zunächst ein Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Verkehrsdienstleistungen in Deutschland und der Schweiz mit Beispielen gegeben. Sozial-ökologische Ziele, insbesondere eine Absenkung der Kfz-Kilometer, werden durch die meisten Konzepte erreicht. Erreichbarkeiten und damit die Lebensqualität, insbesondere für nichtmotorisierte Haushalte, werden verbessert. Bei den sozioökonomischen Zielen werden geringere volkswirtschaftliche Kosten diagnostiziert. Problematisch ist die geringe Quantität und Qualität der neu entstehenden Arbeitsplätze, da die neuen Dienstleistungen in Zukunft weitgehend digitalisiert und automatisiert funktionieren werden, um am Markt bestehen zu können. Neben wenigen hochqualifizierten Spezialisten werden die meisten Jobs vermutlich im Niedriglohnsektor entstehen. Der Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen, insbesondere bei öffentlichen Verkehrsanbietern unter dem Druck eines verschärften Wettbewerbs und einer technisch bedingten Steigerung der Arbeitsproduktivität, wird durch Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten bei neuen Verkehrsdienstleistern nur teilweise kompensiert werden können. Gewerkschaftliche Positionen zu neuen Mobilitätskonzepten sind noch nicht abgeschlossen. Im betrieblichen Mobilitätsmanagement auf lokaler Ebene haben Betriebsräte und Gewerkschaften gleichwohl als Initiatoren gewirkt und große Erfolge bei der Verkehrsverlagerung erzielt.

Suggested Citation

  • Beutler, Felix & Brackmann, Jörg, 1999. "Neue Mobilitätskonzepte in Deutschland: ökologische, soziale und wirtschaftliche Perspektiven," Papers, Research Network Project "Work and Ecology" P 99-503, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbeco:p99503
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    References listed on IDEAS

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