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Eigentumsverhältnisse landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe und Unternehmen in Russland und in der Ukraine: Befragungsergebnisse aus den Regionen Nowosibirsk und Shitomir

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  • Schulze, Eberhard

Abstract

Die Zielstellung des Diskussionsbeitrages besteht darin, einen Überblick über die Eigentumsverhältnisse in der Landwirtschaft der Oblasts Nowosibirsk (Rußland) und Shitomir (Ukraine) zu erhalten, die Ergebnisse miteinander und mit aus anderen Oblasts vorliegenden Erkenntnissen zu vergleichen, um die ablaufenden Privatisierungs- und Umstrukturierungsprozesse besser verstehen zu können und davon ausgehend Schlußfolgerungen für die Weiterführung dieser Prozesse ziehen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß in den beiden Oblasts die Verfügungsrechte der Anteilseigner am kollektiv-geteilten Eigentum beschränkt sind. Dabei bestehen in Abhängigkeit vom konkreten Verfügungsrecht zwischen den landwirtschaftlichen Großbetrieben zum Teil erhebliche Unterschiede. Jedoch ist in allen untersuchten Unternehmen der Verkauf von Boden und sonstigem landwirtschaftlichen Vermögen an andere natürliche und juristische Personen durch die Anteilseigner untersagt. Hingegen ist es, den gesetzlichen Regeln entsprechend, in allen Unternehmen gestattet, Bodenanteile an die ausscheidenden Personen zu übergeben, die eine Bauernwirtschaft gründen wollen. Im Oblast Nowosibirsk sprachen sich von 181 befragten Mitgliedern und Managern von Großbetrieben sowie Bauern 142 gegen den Kauf und Verkauf von Boden aus, allerdings nur die Hälfte der befragten Bauern. Der Bericht enthält ein Vielzahl weiterer Ergebnisse zu den Eigentumsverhältnissen und zur ökonomischen Situation der Großbetriebe, der Eigentümer von Nebenwirtschaften und der Bauernwirtschaften. Die Auseinandersetzungen um die Vergabe aller Verfügungsrechte über den Boden zwischen den liberalen Reformern um Präsident JELZIN und der Staatlichen Duma werden ausgehend von GAJDAR als Kampf um die Beseitigung oder Weiterexistenz der von MARX beschriebenen "asiatischen Produktionsweise" betrachtet. Es werden Vorschläge für eine schrittweise Weiterführung des Transformationsprozesses in der Landwirtschaft Rußlands unterbreitet.

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  • Schulze, Eberhard, 1999. "Eigentumsverhältnisse landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe und Unternehmen in Russland und in der Ukraine: Befragungsergebnisse aus den Regionen Nowosibirsk und Shitomir," IAMO Discussion Papers 18, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamodp:14927
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    1. Tillack, P. & Schulze, E., 1998. "Veränderung der Betriebsstrukturen in der Landwirtschaft Mittel- und Osteuropas im Verlauf des Transformationsprozesses – Analyse und Ausblick," Proceedings “Schriften der Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e.V.”, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA), vol. 34.
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    4. Tillack, Peter & Schulze, Eberhard, 1998. "Unternehmens- und Betriebsstrukturen in der Landwirtschaft Mittel- und Osteuropas," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 47(03-04).
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    Cited by:

    1. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Mosashwili, Nodar, 2003. "Zur wirtschaftlichen Situation georgischer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe," IAMO Discussion Papers 48, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    2. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Patlassov, Oleg, 2002. "Einflussfaktoren Auf Gewinn Und Rentabilität Landwirtschaftlicher Großbetriebe Gebiet Omsk, Russland," IAMO Discussion Papers 14919, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    3. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Gerasin, Sergej, 2001. "Eigentumsverhältnisse, Rentabilität Und Schulden Landwirtschaftlicher Großbetriebe Im Gebiet Wolgograd," IAMO Discussion Papers 14901, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    4. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Mosashvili, Nodar, 2003. "Zur Wirtschaftlichen Situation Georgischer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe," IAMO Discussion Papers 14880, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    5. Petrick, Martin, 2000. "Land Reform In Moldova: How Viable Are Emerging Peasant Farms? An Assessment Referring To A Recent World Bank Study," IAMO Discussion Papers 14882, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    6. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Gerasin, Sergej, 2001. "Eigentumsverhältnisse, Rentabilität und Schulden landwirtschaftlicher Großbetriebe im Gebiet Wolgograd," IAMO Discussion Papers 32, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    7. Schulze, Eberhard & Tillack, Peter & Patlassov, Oleg, 2002. "Einflussfaktoren auf Gewinn und Rentabilität landwirtschaftlicher Großbetriebe im Gebiet Omsk, Russland," IAMO Discussion Papers 39, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).

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