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Grenzen der Bildungsexpansion? Ausbildungsinadäquate Beschäftigung von Ausbildungs- und Hochschulabsolventen in Deutschland

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  • Rukwid, Ralf

Abstract

Der Begriff der Ausbildungsadäquanz zielt auf den Grad der Übereinstimmung zwischen den im Bildungssystem erworbenen Qualifikationen und dem Anforderungsprofil der am Arbeitsmarkt ausgeübten Tätigkeit. Im Falle einer ausbildungsinadäquaten Beschäftigung oder auch Fehlqualifikation bleibt ein bedeutender Teil der während der Ausbildungsphase angeeigneten beruflichen Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse ungenutzt. Ausbildungsinadäquate Erwerbstätigkeit geht folglich einher mit einer suboptimalen Verwertung von Humankapital und zieht sowohl auf persönlicher als auch auf gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene erhebliche negative Konsequenzen nach sich. Dieser Diskussionsbeitrag greift die Frage nach der Ausbildungs(in)adäquanz der Beschäftigung auf und untersucht diese detailiert in Hinblick auf die aktuelle Problemlage in Deutschland. Dabei werden sowohl die Erkenntnisse bisher vorhandener empirischer Studien zusammengefasst als auch eigene deskriptive Analyseresultate auf der Datengrundlage des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) vorgestellt. Sowohl auf Ebene der Hochschulabsolventen als auch der Absolventen der beruflichen Ausbildungsgänge deuten die Befunde auf beträchtliche Qualifikationsreserven hin. In der langfristigen Betrachtung zeigt sich zudem, dass der Anteil ausbildungsinadäquater Beschäftigungsverhältnisse unter den akademischen Fachkräften in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung deutlich zugenommen hat. Bei der ausbildungsinadäquaten bzw. unterwertigen Beschäftigung handelt es sich demnach um ein am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt verbreitetes und keinesfalls zu vernachlässigendes Phänomen, das künftig stärker in das Blickfeld von Politik und Arbeitsmarktforschung rücken sollte.

Suggested Citation

  • Rukwid, Ralf, 2012. "Grenzen der Bildungsexpansion? Ausbildungsinadäquate Beschäftigung von Ausbildungs- und Hochschulabsolventen in Deutschland," Violette Reihe: Schriftenreihe des Promotionsschwerpunkts "Globalisierung und Beschäftigung" 37/2012, University of Hohenheim, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Evangelisches Studienwerk.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:hohpro:372012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reinberg, Alexander, 1999. "Der qualifikatorische Strukturwandel auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt : Entwicklungen, Perspektiven und Bestimmungsgründe," Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 32(4), pages 434-447.
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    5. Verhaest, D. & van der Velden, R.K.W., 2010. "Cross-country differences in graduate overeducation and its persistence," ROA Research Memorandum 007, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
    6. Leuven, Edwin & Oosterbeek, Hessel, 2011. "Overeducation and Mismatch in the Labor Market," Handbook of the Economics of Education, in: Erik Hanushek & Stephen Machin & Ludger Woessmann (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 0, pages 283-326, Elsevier.
    7. Harald Hagemann & Ralf Rukwid, 2007. "Perspectives of Workers with Low Qualifications in Germany under the Pressures of Globalization and Technical Progress," Diskussionspapiere aus dem Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre der Universität Hohenheim 291/2007, Department of Economics, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
    8. Ralf Rukwid, 2007. "Arbeitslosigkeit und Lohnspreizung," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 33(3), pages 391-420.
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    1. Nancy Kracke & Margarida Rodrigues, 2020. "A Task-Based Indicator for Labour Market Mismatch," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 149(2), pages 399-421, June.
    2. Christina Boll & Julian Sebastian Leppin, 2016. "Differential Overeducation in East and West Germany: Extending Frank's Theory on Economic Returns Changes the Picture of Disadvantaged Women," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 30(4), pages 455-504, December.
    3. Weyh, Antje & Hennig, Dustin & Otto, Anne, 2020. "Qualität der Beschäftigung in Sachsen," IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Sachsen 202004, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bildungsexpansion; Ausbildungsadäquanz; ausbildungsinadäquate Erwerbstätigkeit; unterwertige Beschäftigung; Hochschulsektor; Berufsbildung; Arbeitsmarkt; Deutschland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • J0 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • J4 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets
    • J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

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