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COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA

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  • Jakubowski, Maciej
  • Gajderowicz, Tomasz
  • Patrinos, Harry

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Jakubowski, Maciej & Gajderowicz, Tomasz & Patrinos, Harry, 2024. "COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1372, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:glodps:1372
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Noam Angrist & Simeon Djankov & Pinelopi K. Goldberg & Harry A. Patrinos, 2021. "Measuring human capital using global learning data," Nature, Nature, vol. 592(7854), pages 403-408, April.
    2. Crawfurd, Lee & Evans, David K. & Hares, Susannah & Sandefur, Justin, 2023. "Live tutoring calls did not improve learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Rebecca Jack & Emily Oster, 2023. "COVID-19, School Closures, and Outcomes," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 37(4), pages 51-70, Fall.
    4. Noam Angrist & Peter Bergman & Moitshepi Matsheng, 2022. "Experimental evidence on learning using low-tech when school is out," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 6(7), pages 941-950, July.
    5. Carlana, Michela & La Ferrara, Eliana, 2021. "Apart but Connected: Online Tutoring and Student Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic," CEPR Discussion Papers 15761, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Jakubowski, Maciej & Gajderowicz, Tomasz & Patrinos, Harry Anthony, 2023. "Global learning loss in student achievement: First estimates using comparable reading scores," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    7. João Pedro & Amer Hasan & Diana Goldemberg & Koen Geven & Syedah Aroob Iqbal, 2021. "Simulating the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A Set of Global Estimates [Tackling Inequity in Education during and after COVID-19]," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 36(1), pages 1-40.
    8. Avvisati, Francesco & Givord, Pauline, 2023. "The learning gain over one school year among 15-year-olds: An international comparison based on PISA," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Gajderowicz, Tomasz & Jakubowski, Maciej & Kennedy, Alec & Christrup, Christian & Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Strietholt, Rolf, 2024. "The Learning Crisis: Three Years After COVID-19," IZA Discussion Papers 17550, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Matías Ciaschi & Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez & Mariana Viollaz, 2024. "Navigating Educational Disruptions: The Gender Divide in Parental Involvement and Children’s Learning Outcomes," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0332, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; learning loss; student achievement; PISA; international large-scale assessments;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I19 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Other
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General

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