IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/fisisi/s012023.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Public charging requirements for battery electric long-haul trucks in Europe: A trip chain approach

Author

Listed:
  • Shoman, Wasim
  • Yeh, Sonia
  • Sprei, Frances
  • Plötz, Patrick
  • Speth, Daniel

Abstract

Heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) account for less than 2-5% of the vehicles on the road in Europe but contribute to 15-22% of CO2 emissions from road transport. Battery electric trucks (BETs) could be deployed on a large scale to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but they require charging infrastructure that supports long-haul operations. Therefore, assessing the required charging locations, energy, and power requirements is critical. We use a trip-chain-based model to derive charging requirements for BETs in long-haul operation (defined as travel times over 4.5 hours or distances over 360 km) for Europe in 2030. We convert an origin-destination (OD) matrix into trip chains combined with European truck driving regulations to derive break and rest stops. We show that an average charging area (defined as a 25 x 25 km square, where each square can include multiple charging stations and parking lots with multiple charging points) needs to have four to five times more overnight than megawatt (MW) charging points: We estimate that about 40,000 overnight charging points (50-100 kW, combined charging system, CCS) and about 9,000 megawatt charging system (MCS, 0.7- 1.2 MW) points are required to support a BET share of long-haul operations at 15%. On average, 8 and 2 CCS and MCS chargers are required per charging area, and each CCS and MCS serves, on average, 2 and 11 BETs daily, respectively. The daily electricity demand for public charging of BET in each charging area would be around 110 GWh. The model can be applied to any region with similar data. Future work can consider improving the queuing model, assumptions regarding regional differences of BET penetration and heterogeneity of truck sizes and utilization.

Suggested Citation

  • Shoman, Wasim & Yeh, Sonia & Sprei, Frances & Plötz, Patrick & Speth, Daniel, 2023. "Public charging requirements for battery electric long-haul trucks in Europe: A trip chain approach," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S01/2023, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012023
    DOI: 10.24406/publica-694
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/268449/1/1831212196.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.24406/publica-694?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peterson, Scott B. & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2013. "Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure investment for reducing US gasoline consumption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 429-438.
    2. Partha Mishra & Eric Miller & Shriram Santhanagopalan & Kevin Bennion & Andrew Meintz, 2022. "A Framework to Analyze the Requirements of a Multiport Megawatt-Level Charging Station for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Alberto Danese & Michele Garau & Andreas Sumper & Bendik Nybakk Torsæter, 2021. "Electrical Infrastructure Design Methodology of Dynamic and Static Charging for Heavy and Light Duty Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Santos, Georgina, 2017. "Road transport and CO2 emissions: What are the challenges?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 71-74.
    5. Mulholland, Eamonn & Teter, Jacob & Cazzola, Pierpaolo & McDonald, Zane & Ó Gallachóir, Brian P., 2018. "The long haul towards decarbonising road freight – A global assessment to 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 678-693.
    6. Joubert, Johan W. & Meintjes, Sumarie, 2015. "Repeatability & reproducibility: Implications of using GPS data for freight activity chains," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 81-92.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jon Williamsson, 2022. "EV Charging on Ferries and in Terminals—A Business Model Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Bhardwaj, Chandan & Axsen, Jonn & Kern, Florian & McCollum, David, 2020. "Why have multiple climate policies for light-duty vehicles? Policy mix rationales, interactions and research gaps," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 309-326.
    3. Deyan Yang & Jinyong Wang & Dongping Song, 2019. "Channel Structure Strategies of Supply Chains with Varying Green Cost and Governmental Interventions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-26, December.
    4. Santos, Alberto & Maia, Pedro & Jacob, Rodrigo & Wei, Huang & Callegari, Camila & Oliveira Fiorini, Ana Carolina & Schaeffer, Roberto & Szklo, Alexandre, 2024. "Road conditions and driving patterns on fuel usage: Lessons from an emerging economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    5. Ogundele Lasun Tunde & Okunlola Oluyemi Adewole & Mohannad Alobid & István Szűcs & Yacouba Kassouri, 2022. "Sources and Sectoral Trend Analysis of CO 2 Emissions Data in Nigeria Using a Modified Mann-Kendall and Change Point Detection Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-12, January.
    6. Viljoen, Nadia M. & Joubert, Johan W., 2019. "Supply chain micro-communities in urban areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 211-222.
    7. Liimatainen, Heikki & van Vliet, Oscar & Aplyn, David, 2019. "The potential of electric trucks – An international commodity-level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 804-814.
    8. Chien-Liang Chiu & I-Fan Hsiao & Lily Chang, 2023. "Overviewing Global Surface Temperature Changes Regarding CO 2 Emission, Population Density, and Energy Consumption in the Industry: Policy Suggestions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Michel Noussan & Pier Paolo Raimondi & Rossana Scita & Manfred Hafner, 2020. "The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-26, December.
    10. Green, Erin H. & Skerlos, Steven J. & Winebrake, James J., 2014. "Increasing electric vehicle policy efficiency and effectiveness by reducing mainstream market bias," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 562-566.
    11. Zhang, Tong & Burke, Paul J. & Wang, Qi, 2024. "Effectiveness of electric vehicle subsidies in China: A three-dimensional panel study," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    12. Verónica Anadón Martínez & Andreas Sumper, 2023. "Planning and Operation Objectives of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-41, July.
    13. Yu, Shaohua & Puchinger, Jakob & Sun, Shudong, 2024. "Electric van-based robot deliveries with en-route charging," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(3), pages 806-826.
    14. Mehdi Jahangir Samet & Heikki Liimatainen & Oscar Patrick René van Vliet & Markus Pöllänen, 2021. "Road Freight Transport Electrification Potential by Using Battery Electric Trucks in Finland and Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, February.
    15. Andriosopoulos, Kostas & Bigerna, Simona & Bollino, Carlo Andrea & Micheli, Silvia, 2018. "The impact of age on Italian consumers' attitude toward alternative fuel vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 299-308.
    16. Adam, Arnaud & Finance, Olivier & Thomas, Isabelle, 2021. "Monitoring trucks to reveal Belgian geographical structures and dynamics: From GPS traces to spatial interactions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    17. Kim, Hyunjung & Kim, Dae-Wook & Kim, Man-Keun, 2022. "Economics of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    18. Li, Danyang & Chen, Wenying, 2019. "TIMES modeling of the large-scale popularization of electric vehicles under the worldwide prohibition of liquid vehicle sales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    19. Carmen Callao & M. Pilar Latorre & Margarita Martinez-Núñez, 2021. "Understanding Hazardous Waste Exports for Disposal in Europe: A Contribution to Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    20. Concettina Marino & Cosimo Monterosso & Antonino Nucara & Maria Francesca Panzera & Matilde Pietrafesa, 2020. "Analysis of the Reduction of Pollutant Emissions by the Vehicle Fleet of the City of Reggio Calabria Due to the Introduction of Ecological Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electrification; Heavy duty truck; Charging Station; Battery Electric Truck;
    All these keywords.

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012023. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/isfhgde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.