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Eine Verhandlung zur Selektion der konstitutionenökonomischen Lösung

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  • Franke, Marcel

Abstract

[Einleitung ...] Stets haben Menschen ihr Zusammenleben unter Akzeptanz gewisser Ungleichheiten gestaltet, die zu Konflikten führen können. In europäischer Manier kann das Christentum über die Legitimation Gottes die Vorteile der Herrschenden lange Zeit verteidigen. Mit der Aufklärung bröckeln jedoch diese Strukturen und die Frage nach den Werten in der Gesellschaft und ihrem Streben bedürfen neuer Antworten. Insbesondere Rousseau weist dem Volk Souveränität über öffentliche Belange zu und heißt die freie Entscheidung des Volkes in Form eines Sozialvertrags gut. Diese Arbeit untersucht das Zustandekommen eines solchen Vertrags unter der Prämisse eines egalitären normativen Individualismus. Im Sinne des Arbeitstitels und unter Berücksichtigung des methodologischen Individualismus werden Bedingungen für den Entstehungsprozess abgeleitet. Dieser Standpunkt siedelt die Arbeit thematisch in dem Gebiet der "Public Choice" an. Genauer werden Betrachtungen in den Forschungszweig der "Constitutional Economics" als Teil der "Public Choice" eingeordnet, die sich mit der Wahl der Regeln selbst, anstelle der durch Regeln beschränkten Wahl, beschäftigen und dabei auf die ökonomische Methodik zurückgreifen. Dieser lässt sich wiederum in die drei Bereiche der positiven, judikativen und normativen Sicht unterteilen. Die positive Sicht beschäftigt sich mit der Wirkungsweise konstitutioneller Regeln. Olson und Neumärker begründen in der Tradition Hobbes das Zustandekommen einer Verfassung. Der judikative Ansatz geht der Frage der Auslegung und Interpretation gültiger Verfassungen sowie relevanter Kriterien hierzu nach. Der normative Ansatz versucht sich an der Legitimation gesellschaftlicher Ordnungen. Rawls, Nozick und Buchanan haben hierzu mit wesentlichen Werken beigetragen. Diese Arbeit setzt die ersten beiden Ansätze als den Individuen vollständig bekannt voraus und zielt auf die Darstellung eines Prozesses zur Legitimierung eines Verfassungsvertrags ab. Zu diesem Zweck wird in Kapitel 2.1 das methodologische und in Kapitel 2.2 das normative Fundament kurz vorgestellt, welches die Elemente der Einstimmigkeit in Kapitel 2.3, der Gleichheit in Form des Schleiers der Unsicherheit in Kapitel 2.4 und die spezifischen Annahmen an den Ausgangszustand in Kapitel 2.5 nach sich zieht. Kapitel 3 stellt die resultierende individuelle Entscheidungslogik dar. Hierzu wird in Kapitel 3.1 die Annahme der Einstimmigkeit in Zusammenhang mit einem Erwartungsnutzen über die Verfassung entwickelt. Kapitel 3.2 diskutiert die Erwartungsbildung unter Unsicherheit über das Verhalten der anderen Individuen. Kapitel 4 macht eine Einigung auf einen Verfassungsvertrag über die Strategie des Abwartens plausibel. Dazu weist Kapitel 4.1 auf die Parallelen und somit die Übertragbarkeit des Abnutzungskriegs auf die vorliegende Situation hin. Nach einer Strukturierung und Verkleinerung des Lösungsraums der möglichen Verträge in Kapitel 4.2, findet das Modell Schröders in Kapitel 4.3 Anwendung auf die gegebene Situation mit zwei Individuen und zwei Verträgen. Davon ausgehend werden in Kapitel 4.4 die Ergebnisse auf beliebig viele Individuen und Verträge übertragen. Kapitel 5 fasst die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zusammen und diskutiert ihre Implikationen.

Suggested Citation

  • Franke, Marcel, 2021. "Eine Verhandlung zur Selektion der konstitutionenökonomischen Lösung," The Constitutional Economics Network Working Papers 03-2021, University of Freiburg, Department of Economic Policy and Constitutional Economic Theory.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:cenwps:032021
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