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Die Handelseffekte der österreichischen EU-Mitgliedschaft 25 Jahre nach der Volksabstimmung

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  • Harald Oberhofer

Abstract

Am 12. Juni 1994 wurde in Österreich im Rahmen einer Volksabstimmung über einen möglichen Beitritt des Landes zur Europäischen Union (EU) abgestimmt. 66,6% der Bevölkerung haben sich für einen Beitritt ausgesprochen und am 1. Jänner 1995 ist Österreich der EU beigetreten. Das 25 Jahr Jubiläum der Volksabstimmung zum österreichischen Beitritt wird in dieser Studie zum Anlass genommen, die Handelseffekte und die damit einhergehenden BIP-, Beschäftigungs- und Preiseffekte der österreichischen EU-Mitgliedschaft empirisch zu quantifizieren. Auf Basis eines Gravitationsmodells werden in einem ersten Schritt die Handelseffekte der österreichischen EU Mitgliedschaft berechnet. Den Ergebnissen zur Folge handelt Österreich langfristig mit den anderen EU Mitgliedsländern um etwa 46% mehr Waren als es dies ohne den Beitritt tun würde. Dieser Handelsimpuls wird in einem zweiten Schritt in das Adagio Input-Output-Modell des WIFO übertragen. Die Modellberechnungen legen nahe, dass die österreichische EU Mitgliedschaft durch den gesteigerten Außenhandel einen zusätzlichen jährlichen Wachstumsbeitrag von 0,7% (zum realen BIP) induziert hat.

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  • Harald Oberhofer, 2019. "Die Handelseffekte der österreichischen EU-Mitgliedschaft 25 Jahre nach der Volksabstimmung," FIW Research Reports series 2019-1, FIW.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsr:ecbook:y:2019:m:05:i:2019-1
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    1. Harald Oberhofer & Michael Pfaffermayr, 2021. "Estimating the trade and welfare effects of Brexit: A panel data structural gravity model," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 338-375, February.
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    1. Elisabeth Christen & Klaus S. Friesenbichler & Alexander Hudetz & Claudia Kettner-Marx & Ina Meyer & Franz Sinabell, 2021. "Außenhandel und nachhaltige Entwicklung in Österreich. Befunde auf der Grundlage von vorliegenden Quellen," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 69290, January.
    2. Harald Oberhofer, 2019. "Die Handelseffekte von Österreichs EU-Mitgliedschaft und des Europäischen Binnenmarktes," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(12), pages 883-890, December.
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