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Estimating the effects of non‐discriminatory trade policies within structural gravity models

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  • Benedikt Heid
  • Mario Larch
  • Yoto V. Yotov

Abstract

We propose a simple method to identify the effects of unilateral and non‐discriminatory trade policies on bilateral trade within a theoretically consistent empirical gravity model. Specifically, we argue that structural gravity estimations should be performed with data that include not only international trade flows but also intra‐national trade flows. The use of intra‐national sales allows identification of the effects of non‐discriminatory trade policies such as most favoured nation tariffs, even in the presence of exporter and importer fixed effects. A byproduct of our approach is that it can be used to recover estimates of the trade elasticity, a key parameter for quantitative trade models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of most favoured nation tariffs and “time to export” as representative non‐discriminatory determinants of trade on the importer and on the exporter side, respectively. Our methods can be extended to quantify the impact on trade of any country‐specific characteristics as well as any non‐trade policies. Évaluation de l’incidence des politiques commerciales non discriminatoires au sein de modèles de gravité structurels. Dans un modèle de gravité empirique théoriquement cohérent, nous proposons une méthode simple pour identifier les effets des politiques commerciales unilatérales et non discriminatoires sur le commerce bilatéral. Plus précisément, nous affirmons que les estimations basées sur des modèles de gravité structurels doivent être réalisées en tenant compte non seulement des données relatives aux flux commerciaux internationaux, mais aussi nationaux. L’utilisation de données relatives aux ventes domestiques permet d’identifier les effets des politiques commerciales non discriminatoires, par exemple les tarifs douaniers de la nation la plus favorisée (NPF), même en présence d’effets fixes importateur et exportateur. Notre approche peut être utilisée pour redresser les estimations relatives à l’élasticité des échanges, un paramètre clé des modèles commerciaux quantitatifs. Nous démontrons l’efficacité de nos techniques dans le cadre des tarifs douaniers NPF et des délais d’exportation, facteurs déterminants, représentatifs et non discriminatoires sur le commerce, à la fois pour l’importateur et l’exportateur. Il possible d’étendre nos méthodes pour quantifier les effets de n’importe quelle caractéristique spécifique à un pays sur le commerce, ainsi que de n’importe quelle politique non commerciale.

Suggested Citation

  • Benedikt Heid & Mario Larch & Yoto V. Yotov, 2021. "Estimating the effects of non‐discriminatory trade policies within structural gravity models," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 376-409, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:376-409
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12493
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    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F47 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

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