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Beschäftigungswirkungen der österreichischen Exportwirtschaft und demografische Szenarien

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Beschäftigungswirkungen der österreichischen Exportwirtschaft und demografische Szenarien This publication is available in German language only. For a brief English summary see further below. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Beschäftigungswirkungen der österreichischen Exportwirtschaft nach Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungsabschlüssen und Berufsklassen im Vergleich zur Gesamtwirtschaft. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Zusammensetzung der Beschäftigung nach Alterskohorten gelegt, da bis Anfang der 2030er-Jahre die sogenannte Babyboomer-Generation zu einem großen Teil aus dem Arbeitsmarkt ausscheiden wird, was angesichts der Trends beim Angebot zu Arbeitskräfteknappheiten führen kann. Die Exportwirtschaft, von der etwa ein Drittel der Beschäftigung abhängt, ist von diesen potenziellen Knappheiten zumindest indirekt betroffen, da diese ihre Nachfrage aus dem gleichen Pool an vorhandenen Arbeitskräften wie die Gesamtwirtschaft bedienen muss. Für die Exportwirtschaft können sich insbesondere Knappheiten im Bildungsbereich Sekundarstufe II (ISCED 3) und bei den Berufsgruppen wie Fachkräfte in Land- und Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei, sowie Bediener innen von Anlagen und Maschinen ergeben, da diese Arbeitskräfte in der Exportwirtschaft relativ intensiver verwendet werden. Der Arbeitsmarkt ist angesichts dieser sich entwickelnden Beschränkungen auf der Angebotsseite als kommunizierendes Gefäß zu betrachten, in dem es in der Zukunft über die Industrien hinweg zu einem verstärkten Wettbewerb um Talente bzw. Wettbewerb um Arbeitskräfte allgemein kommen wird. Da ähnliche demografische Trends für die meisten EU-Mitgliedsstaaten zu erwarten sind, wird es auch auf EU-Ebene zu einem Wettbewerb um Arbeitskräfte und Qualifikationen kommen, bei dem z. B. Löhne, Arbeitsbedingungen sowie das sozioökonomische und politische Umfeld für Migrant innen eine wichtige Rolle spielen werden. Employment effects of the Austrian export industry and demographic scenarios This report examines the employment effects across age, gender, educational attainment levels, and occupational categories in Austria's export industry, compared to the overall economy. Particular attention is given to the composition of employment by age cohort, as a significant proportion of the so-called baby boomer generation is expected to retire from the labour market by the early 2030s. This demographic shift may lead to labour shortages, given the prevailing supply trends. The export industry, which accounts for approximately one-third of total employment, is at least indirectly influenced by these potential shortages, as it must draw on the same pool of available workers as the broader economy. For the export sector, labour shortages may be particularly pronounced in areas requiring upper secondary education (ISCED Level 3) and in occupational categories such as skilled workers in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, as well as operators of plant and machinery. These worker groups are more intensively utilised in the export economy. Considering these emerging supply-side constraints, the labour market is to be viewed as a system of interconnected vessels, where increasing competition for talent and workers across industries is inevitable. As similar demographic trends are anticipated in most EU member states, competition for workers and skills is likely to extend to the EU level. Factors such as wages, working conditions, and the socio-economic and political environment for migrants will play a crucial role in shaping this competition.

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  • Robert Stehrer & Stella Sophie Zilian, 2025. "Beschäftigungswirkungen der österreichischen Exportwirtschaft und demografische Szenarien," wiiw Research Reports in German language 30, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
  • Handle: RePEc:wii:ratpap:rpg:30
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    Keywords

    Handel und Beschäftigung; Input-Output-Analyse; demografische Trends; Szenarien von Arbeitsangebot und -nachfrage;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

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