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Unraveling the Factors behind Women's Empowerment in the Labor Market in Colombia

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  • Zárate-Solano,Héctor M.
  • Melo-Becerra,Ligia Alba
  • Iregui-Bohórquez,Ana María
  • Ramírez-Giraldo,María Teresa
  • Ana Maria Tribin Uribe

Abstract

This paper examines the evolution of Colombian women's participation in the labor market from 1960 to 2018, shedding light on the complex factors that influence their labor opportunities. The study emphasizes the significance of the historical context in understanding these factors. This research uncovers nuanced insights using a two-step methodology involving principal component analysis and time-varying effect modeling. The results indicate that the transition from high to low fertility rates significantly influenced female labor participation until the late 1970s. Educational advancements, economic growth, and changing marital dynamics also played a role in shaping evolving patterns. From 1980 to 1995, factors such as diminishing fertility, declining infant mortality, and varying economic conditions influenced women's labor involvement. From 1995 to 2010, higher education emerged as a key driver, accompanied by shifting societal norms, and from 2010 to 2018, the period witnessed positive contributions from fertility rates, minimum wage, and male labor participation. This study underscores the intricate relationship between education, demographics, social norms, and economics in shaping women's labor force participation, providing valuable insights for gender-inclusive policies and promoting women's economic empowerment.

Suggested Citation

  • Zárate-Solano,Héctor M. & Melo-Becerra,Ligia Alba & Iregui-Bohórquez,Ana María & Ramírez-Giraldo,María Teresa & Ana Maria Tribin Uribe, 2023. "Unraveling the Factors behind Women's Empowerment in the Labor Market in Colombia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10653, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:10653
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C29 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Other
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • N36 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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