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Exploring the performance of social cooperatives during the economic crisis: the Italian case

Author

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  • Chiara Carini
  • Ericka Costa

Abstract

The current economic crisis has hit the Italian economic system hard (Bugamelli et al, 2009; Accetturo et al., 2011) and has once again highlighted the economic divide between the northern and southern regions of Italy (Banca d Italia, 2012). Official statistics (Istat, 2012a; Istat, 2012b) outline a clear picture of the economic situation of Italian enterprises during the crisis, but nevertheless do not provide data on social cooperatives, which have thus far represented the most important type of social enterprise in Italy (Defourny and Nyssens, 2008; Euricse, 2011). Studies on the economic performance of social cooperatives are lacking due to their complexity and the impossibility of applying traditional frameworks, such as those related to for-profit organisations (Austin et al., 2006; Moore, 2000). In addition, longitudinal studies that aim at evaluating the ability of social cooperatives to survive over time are lacking. Starting from these premises, by developing a multiple factor analysis (MFA), this paper aims at deepening the understanding of the economic performance and the employment features of social cooperatives in 2008 (before the crisis) and 2011 (after the beginning of the crisis) in order to better understand how the employment and economic performances of such organisations have changed during the years of the economic crisis. Particular attention will be paid to the analysis of the differences between Italy s three main geographical areas. These objectives are achieved by carrying out an empirical study using data from the Italian social cooperatives contained in the data warehouse developed during a research project of Euricse. This is based on the Analisi Informatizzata delle Aziende (AIDA) database of the Bureau van Dijk, integrated with other administrative databases, and contains data for over 72,000 Italian cooperatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiara Carini & Ericka Costa, 2013. "Exploring the performance of social cooperatives during the economic crisis: the Italian case," Euricse Working Papers 1359, Euricse (European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises).
  • Handle: RePEc:trn:utwpeu:1359
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    File URL: https://www.euricse.eu/publications/1083/
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlo Borzaga & Chiara Carini & Ericka Costa & Maurizio Carpita & Michele Andreaus, 2012. "La cooperazione in Italia nel 2008," Euricse Working Papers 1226, Euricse (European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises).
    2. Michele Caivano & Lisa Rodano & Stefano Siviero, 2010. "The transmission of the global financial crisis to the Italian economy. A counterfactual analysis, 2008-2010," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 64, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    3. Carlo BORZAGA, 1996. "Social Cooperatives And Work Integration In Italy," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(2), pages 209-234, June.
    4. Chiara Bentivogli & Eliana Viviano, 2012. "Changes in the Italian Economy: The Cooperatives," L'industria, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 3, pages 497-528.
    5. Lerman, Zvi & Parliament, Claudia, 1991. "Size and industry effects in the performance of agricultural cooperatives," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 6(1), pages 15-29, October.
    6. Ericka Costa & Michele Andreaus & Chiara Carini & Maurizio Carpita, 2012. "Exploring the efficiency of Italian social cooperatives by descriptive and principal component analysis," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 6(1), pages 117-136, March.
    7. Li, Baibing & Martin, Elaine B. & Morris, A. Julian, 2002. "On principal component analysis in L1," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 471-474, September.
    8. Kyriakos Kyriakopoulos & Matthew Meulenberg & Jerker Nilsson, 2004. "The impact of cooperative structure and firm culture on market orientation and performance," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(4), pages 379-396.
    9. James Austin & Howard Stevenson & Jane Wei–Skillern, 2006. "Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, or Both?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 30(1), pages 1-22, January.
    10. Vera Negri Zamagni, 2012. "Interpreting the Roles and Economic Importance of Cooperative Enterprises in a Historical Perspective," Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises, vol. 1(1), pages 21-36, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Anne Musson & Damien Rousselière, 2020. "Exploring the effect of crisis on cooperatives: a Bayesian performance analysis of French craftsmen cooperatives," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(25), pages 2657-2678, May.
    2. Musson, Anne & Rousselière, Damien, 2020. "Identifying the impact of crisis on cooperative capital constraint. A short note on French craftsmen cooperatives," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    3. Paolo Carnazza & Attilio Pasetto, 2014. "L?andamento dell?occupazione nelle cooperative italiane negli anni della crisi: alcune evidenze a livello regionale," RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2014(2), pages 5-33.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social cooperatives; Italy; employment; economic and financial indexes; multiple factor analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • L31 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship
    • M41 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Accounting

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