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Pourquoi l'inegalite des gains hebdomadaires a-t-elle augmente au Canada?

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  • Morissette, Rene

Abstract

L'inegalite de la remuneration hebdomadaire a connu une croissance durant les annees 80 au Canada, et cette croissance depend de trois faits concourants. En premier lieu, le salaire horaire reel des jeunes travailleurs a chute de plus de 10 %. Deuxiemement, le pourcentage d'employes qui travaillent de 35 a 40 heures par semaine a leur emploi principal a chute, tandis que la proportion d'employes qui travaillent 50 heures ou plus par semaine a augmente. Troisiemement, on enregistre une tendance a la hausse chez les travailleurs qui touchent un salaire eleve a faire de longues semaines de travail. Nous croyons que toute hypothese avancee pour expliquer l'accroissement enregistre au titre de l'inegalite des gains hebdomadaires doit concilier ces trois faits. Une part de 30 % environ de la croissance de l'inegalite est attribuable aux changements sectoriels survenus dans la distribution de l'emploi selon l'industrie et le statut syndical. La reduction qui frappe le salaire minimum reel et la taille moyenne de l'entreprise n'est pas vraiment responsable de l'accroissement enregistre au titre des differences entre l'age et le revenu. Le progres technologique axe sur la main-d'oeuvre qualifiee pourrait avoir augmente la dispersion des salaires horaires et des heures de travail hebdomadaires; de fait, cette hypothese est compatible, a priori, avec les mouvements observes. D'autres facteurs, cependant, peuvent avoir joue un role egalement -- sinon plus --- important. L'intensification de la concurrence, le transfert possible aux entreprises du pouvoir de negociation (entre les entreprises et la main-d'oeuvre), l'accroissement de la mobilite des entreprises, la plus grande accessibilite du Canada au commerce international, l'augmentation des frais fixes de main-d'oeuvre et, possiblement, des frais de formation sont autant de facteurs qui peuvent sous-tendre la croissance de l'inegalite de la remuneration hebdomadaire au Canada.

Suggested Citation

  • Morissette, Rene, 1995. "Pourquoi l'inegalite des gains hebdomadaires a-t-elle augmente au Canada?," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1995080f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:1995080f
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    Cited by:

    1. Bernier, Rachel, 1998. "Les dimensions de l'inegalite salariale chez les Autochtones," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1997109f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    2. Heisz, Andrew & Larochelle-Cote, Sebastien, 2006. "Sommaire de : Instabilite des heures de travail au Canada," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2006279f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.

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