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Charged up? Preferences for Electric Vehicle Charging and Implications for Charging Infrastructure Planning

Author

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  • Wolff, Stefanie

    (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN))

  • Madlener, Reinhard

    (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN))

Abstract

This study assesses respondents’ preferences for privately-used passenger electric vehicle (EV) charging with respect to the six attributes: (1) place of charging; (2) charging duration (full charge); (3) charging technology; (4) waiting time for charging spot to become available; (5) share of renewables in the electricity mix used for vehicle charging; and (6) total cost for the whole bundle of attributes per month. Due to the low number of current EV users in Germany, investigating consumers’ EV charging infrastructure preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for it based on real usage data is challenging. In addition, the results would not be directly transferable to the development of sound business cases since the sample size is too small. Therefore, we gathered data through a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) conducted in Germany (N = 4,101). Our DCE measures the preferences for certain attributes of EV charging infrastructures indirectly by confronting participants with hypothetical choice bundles. We analyze the data using conditional logit models, including fixed effects at the participant level, in order to gain actionable insights into the expected charging behavior of current and future EV drivers. We predict tendencies of consumer behavior and show that locational and time attributes are highly appreciated. Respondents are willing to pay, on average, around 22 €/month more for charging at home rather than at work and 46.26 €/month more for charging at home rather than on the roadside. For a reduction in charging time from 8 h to 7 h, respondents are willing to pay around 8 €/month; whereas from 8 h to 10 min, respondents are willing to pay around 70 €/month for all monthly charging processes. We also find WTP of five specific consumer categories (environmentalists, EV owners, EV experts, at-home charger, and home owners). Our results could be useful for charging point operators.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolff, Stefanie & Madlener, Reinhard, 2019. "Charged up? Preferences for Electric Vehicle Charging and Implications for Charging Infrastructure Planning," FCN Working Papers 3/2019, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2019_003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hu, Xu & Yang, Zhaojun & Sun, Jun & Zhang, Yali, 2021. "Sharing economy of electric vehicle private charge posts," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 258-275.
    2. Choi, Hyunhong & Lee, Jeongeun & Koo, Yoonmo, 2023. "Value of different electric vehicle charging facility types under different availability situations: A South Korean case study of electric vehicle and internal combustion engine vehicle owners," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    3. Wolff, Stefanie & Madlener, Reinhard, 2020. "Willing to Pay? Spatial Heterogeneity of e-Vehicle Charging Preferences in Germany," FCN Working Papers 9/2020, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    4. Liu, Xueying & Madlener, Reinhard, 2021. "The sky is the limit: Assessing aircraft market diffusion with agent-based modeling," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    5. Hellwig, Robert & Atasoy, Ayse Tugba & Madlener, Reinhard, 2020. "The Impact of Social Preferences and Information on the Willingness to Pay for Fairtrade Products," FCN Working Papers 6/2020, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    6. Wietschel, Martin & Preuß, Sabine & Kunze, Robert & Keller, Marc, 2022. "Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen in Deutschland mit Ökostromverträgen," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S02/2022, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    7. Visaria, Anant Atul & Jensen, Anders Fjendbo & Thorhauge, Mikkel & Mabit, Stefan Eriksen, 2022. "User preferences for EV charging, pricing schemes, and charging infrastructure," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 120-143.
    8. Walter, Antonia & Held, Maximilian & Pareschi, Giacomo & Pengg, Hermann & Madlener, Reinhard, 2020. "Decarbonizing the European Automobile Fleet: Impacts of 1.5 °C-compliant Climate Policies in Germany and Norway," FCN Working Papers 18/2020, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    9. Liu, Xueying & Madlener, Reinhard, 2019. "Get Ready for Take-Off: A Two-Stage Model of Aircraft Market Diffusion," FCN Working Papers 15/2019, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electric mobility charging behavior; Discrete choice experiment; Econometric modeling; Willingness to pay;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • M38 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General

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