IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/122476.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Convergence of gender unemployment gaps in Africa: New evidence from Fourier ADF and KPSS unit root tests with break

Author

Listed:
  • Furuoka, Fumitaka
  • Gil-Alana, Luis A.
  • Yaya, OlaOluwa S
  • Vo, Xuan Vinh

Abstract

This paper uses four ADF-type unit root tests and four KPSS-type stationarity tests to examine whether the gender unemployment gap would converge to zero in Africa. Among these different tests, the two most restricted models, namely the ADF test and the KPSS test, indicate no convergence in the gender unemployment gap in Africa. By contrast, the two most general models, the FADF-SB test and the FKPSS-SB test, indicate convergence in the gender unemployment gap. The discrepancy in the empirical findings could be overcome by setting up an F-test to determine which model specification could be considered the best testing model among the four alternatives in each case. The best model specification from both the ADF-type and KPSS-type tests offers consistent results that show the convergence of the gender unemployment gap in the line of the “Law of one unemployment rate”. The findings in the paper have significant policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Furuoka, Fumitaka & Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Yaya, OlaOluwa S & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2024. "Convergence of gender unemployment gaps in Africa: New evidence from Fourier ADF and KPSS unit root tests with break," MPRA Paper 122476, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:122476
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/122476/1/MPRA_paper_122476.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefania Albanesi & Aysegul Sahin, 2018. "The Gender Unemployment Gap," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 30, pages 47-67, October.
    2. Stephen Bazen & Xavier Joutard & Mouhamadou Niang, 2014. "The measurement of unemployment using completed durations: evidence on the gender gap in unemployment in France," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(4), pages 517-534, December.
    3. Franciscos Koutentakis, 2015. "Gender Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Ten Advanced Economies," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 29(1), pages 15-31, March.
    4. Agovino Massimiliano & Garofalo Antonio & Cerciello Massimiliano, 2019. "Do Local Institutions Affect Labour Market Participation? The Italian Case," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(2), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Oladapo Gbenga Awolaja & OlaOluwa Simon Yaya & Ahamuefula Ephraim Ogbonna & Solomon Onuche Joseph & Xuan Vinh Vo, 2021. "Unemployment hysteresis in Middle East and North Africa countries: panel SUR-based unit root test with a Fourier function," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(2), pages 318-334, July.
    6. Veli Yılancı & Mustafa Kırca & Şeri̇f Canbay & Muhlis Selman Sağlam, 2023. "Unraveling unemployment hysteresis in Nordic countries: a multifaceted analysis of age, gender and frequency differentials," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(6), pages 1093-1111, December.
    7. Amaia Altuzarra, 2015. "Measuring Unemployment Persistence by Age and Gender," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 110-133, December.
    8. Alena Bicakova, 2010. "Gender Unemployment Gaps: Evidence from the New EU Member States," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp410, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    9. Maurizio BAUSSOLA & Chiara MUSSIDA & Jamie JENKINS & Matthew PENFOLD, 2015. "Determinants of the gender unemployment gap in Italy and the United Kingdom: A comparative investigation," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 154(4), pages 537-562, December.
    10. Jana Stefanová Lauerová & Katherine Terrell, 2007. "What Drives Gender Differences in Unemployment?," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 49(1), pages 128-155, March.
    11. M. Anne Hill & Elizabeth King, 1995. "Women's education and economic well-being," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 21-46.
    12. Fumitaka Furuoka, 2017. "A new approach to testing unemployment hysteresis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1253-1280, November.
    13. Herve Queneau & Amit Sen, 2008. "Evidence on the dynamics of unemployment by gender," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(16), pages 2099-2108.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alexander Mihailov & Giovanni Razzu & Zhe Wang, 2020. "The Gender Unemployment Gap Across the Euro Area: The Role of Macroeconomic Shocks and Labour Market Institutions," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2020-26, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
    2. Franciscos Koutentakis, 2015. "Gender Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Ten Advanced Economies," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 29(1), pages 15-31, March.
    3. Joana Passinhas & Isabel Proença, 2020. "Measuring the gender disparities in unemployment dynamics during the recession: evidence from Portugal," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(6), pages 623-636, February.
    4. Marina Faďoš & Mária Bohdalová, 2019. "Unemployment gender inequality: evidence from the 27 European Union countries," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 9(3), pages 349-371, September.
    5. Giovanni Razzu & Carl Singleton, 2018. "Segregation and Gender Gaps in the United Kingdom's Great Recession and Recovery," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(4), pages 31-55, October.
    6. Chia Jung Chang, 2021. "Is the Road to Unemployment Paved with Good Intentions? Labor Market Outcomes of Young Women," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 244-302, June.
    7. Fofack, Hippolyte, 2012. "Accounting for gender production from a growth accounting framework in Sub-Saharan Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6153, The World Bank.
    8. Aysit Tansel & Nil Demet Güngör, 2016. "Gender Effects of Education on Economic Development in Turkey," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Nadereh Chamlou & Massoud Karshenas (ed.), Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa The Role of Socio-demographics, Entrepreneurship and Public Policies, chapter 3, pages 57-86, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    9. Asadullah, M. Niaz & Webb, Amber & Islam, Kazi Md Mukitul, 2024. "SDG 4 mid-point challenge: Fixing the broken interlinkages between education and gender equality," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    10. Sanjaya DeSilva & Mohammed Mehrab Bin Bakhtiar, 2011. "Women, Schooling, and Marriage in Rural Philippines," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_701, Levy Economics Institute.
    11. Njoh, Ambe J. & Bigon, Liora & Ananga, Erick O. & Ayuk-Etang, Richard A., 2018. "Institutional, economic and socio-cultural factors accounting for gender-based inequalities in land title procurement in Cameroon," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 116-125.
    12. Sara Rica & Yolanda F. Rebollo-Sanz, 2017. "Gender Differentials in Unemployment Ins and Outs during the Great Recession in Spain," De Economist, Springer, vol. 165(1), pages 67-99, March.
    13. Bennani, Hamza, 2023. "Effect of monetary policy shocks on the racial unemployment rates in the US," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(1).
    14. Samuel Perlo‐Freeman & Don J. Webber, 2009. "Basic Needs, Government Debt and Economic Growth," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(6), pages 965-994, June.
    15. Martin Guzi, 2014. "An Empirical Analysis of Welfare Dependence in the Czech Republic," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 64(5), pages 407-431, November.
    16. Richard K. Crump & Stefano Eusepi & Marc Giannoni & Aysegul Sahin, 2019. "A Unified Approach to Measuring u," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 50(1 (Spring), pages 143-238.
    17. Thorleifsson, Oskar, 2021. "Unemployment Dynamics in the Nordics : Is there Heterogeneity in the Relative Importance of Ins and Outs?," Warwick-Monash Economics Student Papers 22, Warwick Monash Economics Student Papers.
    18. Jetter, Michael & Magnusson, Leandro M. & Roth, Sebastian, 2020. "Becoming sensitive: Males’ risk and time preferences after the 2008 financial crisis," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    19. Hettihewa, Samanthala & Saha, Shrabani & Zhang, Hanxiong, 2018. "Does an aging population influence stock markets? Evidence from New Zealand," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 142-158.
    20. Ocaña-Riola, Ricardo & Martín-Olmedo, Piedad & Maroto-Navarro, Gracia & García-Calvente, María Del Mar & Mayoral-Cortés, José María & Ruiz-Fernández, Josefa & Sánchez-Cruz, José Juan, 2017. "Impact of the Great Recession in the Social Welfare Indicators Related to the Labour Market in Andalusia /Impacto de la Gran Recesión en los indicadores de bienestar social relacionados con el mercado," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 35, pages 245-262, Enero.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Unemployment rate; gender disparity; Africa; unit roots; mean reversion;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:122476. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.