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COVID-19, stigma, and habituation: Theory and evidence from mobility data

Author

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  • Kurita, Kenichi
  • Katafuchi, Yuya

Abstract

This paper introduces a habituation effect into the stigma model of self-restraint behavior under the pandemic. The theoretical result indicates that the state of emergency's self-restraint effects weaken with the number of times. In order to confirm whether the results of the theoretical analysis are consistent with the current situation, the empirical analysis examines the impact of emergency declarations on going-out behavior using a prefecture-level daily panel dataset that includes Google's going-out behavior data, the Japanese government's policy interventions based on emergency declarations, and covariates that affect going-out behavior such as precipitation and holidays. The results of the empirical analysis can be summarized in two points: First, for multiple emergency declarations from the beginning of the pandemic to 2021, the effect of refraining from going-out was confirmed under emergency declarations in a model that did not distinguish the number of emergency declarations. Second, in the model that considers the number of emergency declarations, the effect of voluntary restraint on going-out was found to decrease with the number of declarations. These empirical analyses are consistent with the results of theoretical analyses, which show that people become more habituated to a policy intervention as the number of the intervention increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Kurita, Kenichi & Katafuchi, Yuya, 2021. "COVID-19, stigma, and habituation: Theory and evidence from mobility data," MPRA Paper 110253, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:110253
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/110253/1/MPRA_paper_110253.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuya Katafuchi & Kenichi Kurita & Shunsuke Managi, 2021. "COVID-19 with Stigma: Theory and Evidence from Mobility Data," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 71-95, April.
    2. Kenichi Kurita & Shunsuke Managi, 2022. "COVID-19 and Stigma: Evolution of Self-restraint Behavior," Dynamic Games and Applications, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 168-182, March.
    3. Antoine Mandel & Vipin Veetil, 2020. "The Economic Cost of COVID Lockdowns: An Out-of-Equilibrium Analysis," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 431-451, October.
    4. Baltagi, Badi H, 1984. "A Monte Carlo Study for Pooling Time Series of Cross-Section Data in the Simultaneous Equations Model," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 25(3), pages 603-624, October.
    5. Amory Martin & Maryia Markhvida & Stéphane Hallegatte & Brian Walsh, 2020. "Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Household Consumption and Poverty," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 453-479, October.
    6. Kawaguchi, Daiji & Motegi, Hiroyuki, 2021. "Who can work from home? The roles of job tasks and HRM practices," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    7. Ryo Takahashi & Kenta Tanaka, 2020. "Hostility toward breaching restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic," Working Papers 2007, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    8. Roger Koenker & Kevin F. Hallock, 2001. "Quantile Regression," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 143-156, Fall.
    9. Editorial, 2020. "Covid-19 and Climate Change," Journal, Review of Agrarian Studies, vol. 10(1), pages 5-6, January-J.
    10. Katafuchi, Yuya, 2021. "Residential land price fluctuations caused by behavioral changes on work-from-home based on COVID-19," MPRA Paper 109310, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Koenker, Roger W & Bassett, Gilbert, Jr, 1978. "Regression Quantiles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 33-50, January.
    12. Azimli, Asil, 2020. "The impact of COVID-19 on the degree of dependence and structure of risk-return relationship: A quantile regression approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Miguel Poblete-Cazenave, 2021. "Simulating the Long-Term Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sustainability of the Population-Economy-Environment Nexus," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 415-430, October.
    2. Ewa Małgorzata Szepietowska & Ewa Zawadzka & Sara Filipiak, 2022. "Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Sense of Gains and Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Kenichi Kurita & Shunsuke Managi, 2022. "COVID-19 and Stigma: Evolution of Self-restraint Behavior," Dynamic Games and Applications, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 168-182, March.
    4. Umar, Zaghum & Jareño, Francisco & González, María de la O, 2021. "The impact of COVID-19-related media coverage on the return and volatility connectedness of cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    5. Christian Dreger & Daniel Gros, 2021. "Lockdowns and the US Unemployment Crisis," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 449-463, October.
    6. Valentina Ndou, 2021. "Social Entrepreneurship Education: A Combination of Knowledge Exploitation and Exploration Processes," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, October.
    7. Caselli, Mauro & Fracasso, Andrea & Traverso, Silvio, 2021. "Robots and risk of COVID-19 workplace contagion: Evidence from Italy," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; Infection disease; Stigma; Self-restraint behavior; Non-pharmaceutical policy intervention; Mobility data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D7 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

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