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Lost in Transmission

Author

Listed:
  • Graeber, Thomas W

    (Harvard Business School)

  • Noy, Shakked

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Roth, Christopher

    (University of Cologne)

Abstract

For many decisions, people rely on information received from others by word of mouth. How does the process of verbal transmission distort economic information? In our experiments, participants listen to audio recordings containing economic forecasts and are paid to accurately transmit the information via voice messages. Other participants listen either to an original recording or a transmitted version and then state incentivized beliefs. Our main finding is that, across a variety of transmitter incentive schemes, information about the reliability of a forecast is lost in transmission more than twice as much as information about the forecast's level. This differential information loss predictably distorts listeners' belief updates: following transmission, reliable and unreliable messages converge in influence and average belief updates from new information are weakened. Mechanism experiments show that the differential loss is not driven by transmitters deliberately trading off the costs and benefits of transmitting different kinds of information. Instead, it results from memory constraints during transmission, which can be overcome through targeted reminders.

Suggested Citation

  • Graeber, Thomas W & Noy, Shakked & Roth, Christopher, 2024. "Lost in Transmission," IZA Discussion Papers 16736, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16736
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Enke & Thomas Graeber & Ryan Oprea, 2023. "Complexity and Time," CESifo Working Paper Series 10327, CESifo.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    information transmission; word-of-mouth; narratives; reliability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C90 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - General
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

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