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COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Vaccine Uptake

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  • Karaivanov, Alexander

    (Simon Fraser University)

  • Kim, Dongwoo

    (Simon Fraser University)

  • Lu, Shih En

    (Simon Fraser University)

  • Shigeoka, Hitoshi

    (University of Tokyo)

Abstract

We evaluate the impact of government mandated proof of vaccination requirements for access to public venues and non-essential businesses on COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We find that the announcement of a mandate is associated with a rapid and significant surge in new vaccinations (more than 60% increase in weekly first doses) using the variation in the timing of these measures across Canadian provinces in a differencein-differences approach. Time-series analysis for each province and for France, Italy and Germany corroborates this finding, and we estimate cumulative gains of up to 5 percentage points in provincial vaccination rates and 790,000 or more first doses for Canada as a whole as of October 31, 2021 (5 to 13 weeks after the provincial mandate announcements). We also find large vaccination gains in France (3 to 5 mln first doses), Italy (around 6 mln) and Germany (around 3.5 mln) 11 to 16 weeks after the proof of vaccination mandate announcements.

Suggested Citation

  • Karaivanov, Alexander & Kim, Dongwoo & Lu, Shih En & Shigeoka, Hitoshi, 2021. "COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Vaccine Uptake," IZA Discussion Papers 14946, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14946
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    Cited by:

    1. Giulietti, Corrado & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Zenou, Yves, 2021. "When Reality Bites: Local Deaths and Vaccine Take-Up," GLO Discussion Paper Series 999, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    2. Elinder, Mikael & Erixson, Oscar & Öhman, Mattias, 2023. "Cognitive ability, health policy, and the dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    3. Lorena Charrier & Jacopo Garlasco & Robin Thomas & Paolo Gardois & Marco Bo & Carla Maria Zotti, 2022. "An Overview of Strategies to Improve Vaccination Compliance before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Santolini, Raffaella, 2023. "The COVID-19 green certificate’s effect on vaccine uptake in French and Italian regions," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(5), pages 1036-1057.
    5. Humlum, Maria Knoth & Morthorst, Marius Opstrup & Thingholm, Peter Rønø, 2024. "Sibling spillovers and the choice to get vaccinated: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    6. Raffaella Santolini, 2022. "The Covid-19 Green Certificate'S Effect On Vaccine Uptake In Italian Regions," Working Papers 468, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    7. Hirani, Jonas Cuzulan & Wüst, Miriam, 2024. "Reminder design and childhood vaccination coverage," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    8. François, Abel & Gergaud, Olivier & Noury, Abdul, 2023. "Can health passport overcome political hurdles to COVID-19 vaccination?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Steinmayr, Andreas & Rossi, Manuel, 2022. "Vaccine-Skeptic Physicians and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates," IZA Discussion Papers 15730, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Serrano-Alarcón, Manuel & Mckee, Martin & Palumbo, Leonardo & Salvi, Cristiana & Johansen, Anne & Stuckler, David, 2024. "How to increase COVID-19 vaccination among a population with persistently suboptimal vaccine uptake? Evidence from the North Macedonia mobile vaccination and public health advice caravan," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    11. Kim Saxton, M. & Colby, Helen & Saxton, Todd & Pasumarti, Vikram, 2024. "Why or How? the impact of Construal-Level Theory on vaccine message receptivity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    12. Md. Maruf Ahmed Molla & Jannat Ara Disha & Mahmuda Yeasmin & Asish Kumar Ghosh & Tasnim Nafisa, 2021. "Decreasing transmission and initiation of countrywide vaccination: Key challenges for future management of COVID‐19 pandemic in Bangladesh," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 1014-1029, July.
    13. Rahi Abouk & John S. Earle & Johanna Catherine Maclean & Sungbin Park, 2024. "Promoting Public Health with Blunt Instruments: Evidence from Vaccine Mandates," NBER Working Papers 32286, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Dewatripont, Mathias, 2022. "Which policies for vaccine innovation and delivery in Europe?," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    15. Balisacan, Arsenio M. & dela Cruz, Russel Matthew M., 2021. "When a Pandemic Strikes: Balancing Health and Economy toward Sustainable and Inclusive Recovery," MPRA Paper 111259, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Giulietti, Corrado & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Zenou, Yves, 2023. "When reality bites: Local deaths and vaccine take-up," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    17. Zou, Hao & Sheng, Dian & Jiang, Jiehui, 2024. "Impact of trans-regional travel-related testing on epidemic spreading," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 643(C).
    18. Reddinger, J. Lucas & Charness, Gary & Levine, David, 2024. "Vaccination as personal public-good provision," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 481-499.
    19. Bussolo, Maurizio & Sarma, Nayantara & Torre, Iván, 2023. "The links between COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and non-pharmaceutical interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    20. John Steven Ott & Frances L. Edwards & Pitima Boonyarak, 2021. "Global Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 619-627, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; vaccine mandates; proof of vaccination; vaccine uptake; vaccine hesitancy; difference-in-differences; time-series analysis; counterfactuals;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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