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Ecuaciones de Mincer y las Tasas de Retorno a la Educación en Chile: 1990-1998

Author

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  • Claudio Sapelli

    (Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.)

Abstract

Este trabajo, utilizando las encuestas CASEN de 1990 y 1998, investiga la evolución de la tasa de retorno a la educación según los supuestos tradicionales de Mincer y su robustez al cumplimiento de varios de los supuestos detrás de las ecuaciones de Mincer. Los resultados muestran la conveniencia de levantar el supuesto de linealidad en escolaridad de las ecuaciones de Mincer y modelar en forma más desagregada el nivel de escolaridad alcanzado. Se observa que la tasa de retorno es creciente con el nivel de escolaridad y se observan también marcados premios a la obtención de títulos (efecto sheepskin), en particular para la educación media y terciaria. Esta evidencia resalta la función de la educación como fuente de señales para el mercado laboral y viene a complementar la tesis básica de la teoría del capital humano. También se observa una varianza en el tiempo según la calidad de la educación (medida por el gasto total en educación), aunque el efecto es pequeño. A su vez se verifican diferencias de considerar cohortes sintéticas a partir de información en corte transversal (tal como la que usualmente se tiene y que se utiliza en la estimación de ecuaciones de Mincer), respecto al seguimiento de cohortes a través del tiempo. El supuesto de expectativas estáticas implícito en el método de Mincer es particularmente engañoso en períodos de grandes cambios, cuando dichos cambios son a su vez, predecibles. En el caso de los noventa en Chile, un período de alto crecimiento, el supuesto de expectativas estáticas contribuye a imputar una tasa de retorno con una sustancial subestimación a la tasa de retorno obtenida efectivamente.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudio Sapelli, 2003. "Ecuaciones de Mincer y las Tasas de Retorno a la Educación en Chile: 1990-1998," Documentos de Trabajo 254, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
  • Handle: RePEc:ioe:doctra:254
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Schooling, Experience, and Earnings," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number minc74-1.
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    4. James Heckman & Lance Lochner & Christopher Taber, 1998. "Explaining Rising Wage Inequality: Explanations With A Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Labor Earnings With Heterogeneous Agents," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 1(1), pages 1-58, January.
    5. James J. Heckman & Lance J. Lochner & Petra E. Todd, 2003. "Fifty Years of Mincer Earnings Regressions," NBER Working Papers 9732, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Schooling and Earnings," NBER Chapters, in: Schooling, Experience, and Earnings, pages 41-63, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Gary S. Becker, 1975. "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, Second Edition," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number beck75-1.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joseph Ramos & David Coble & Ricardo Elfernan & Claudia Soto, 2013. "The Impact of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills on Professional Salaries in An Emerging Economy, C hile," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 51(1), pages 1-33, March.
    2. Beatriz LOPEZ-BERMUDEZ & Carla OLIVEIRA-SILVA & Maria Jesus FREIRE-SEOANE, 2020. "Study Of Workers’ Education Levels In Spain And Portugal (2006-2016)," Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 20(1), pages 19-30.
    3. Loreto Reyes & Jorge Rodríguez & Sergio S. Urzúa, 2013. "Heterogeneous Economic Returns to Postsecondary Degrees: Evidence from Chile," NBER Working Papers 18817, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Pablo Neudörfer & Jorge Dresdner, 2014. "Does religious affiliation affect migration?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(3), pages 577-594, August.

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