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Discrimination au travail et santé mentale des immigré·es et descendant·es d’immigrés : une analyse de médiation à partir de l’enquête Conditions de Travail

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  • Anne Gosselin
  • Nesrine Ben Ahmed

Abstract

Bien qu’ils et elles constituent une population hétérogène en termes de pays d’origine et de niveau de diplôme, les immigré·es et descendant·es d’immigrés sont dans une situation particulière sur le marché du travail en France, avec des conditions de travail et d’emploi plus dégradées que la population majoritaire (ni immigrée, ni descendante d’immigrés). Ils et elles sont en particulier plus concerné·es par la discrimination au travail, avec des conséquences potentielles sur leur santé mentale. Cette étude a pour objectifs de décrire les niveaux de discrimination au travail dans la population en emploi en France ainsi que ses variations en fonction du sexe et de l’origine, et de quantifier la contribution de la discrimination au travail dans le lien entre l’origine et la santé mentale. Nous avons utilisé l’enquête nationale Conditions de Travail-Risques Psychosociaux 2016. Un indicateur synthétique de la discrimination au travail dans les douze derniers mois a été construit, et l’anxiété a été mesurée par le score GAD-Mini, outil diagnostic pour repérer le trouble anxieux généralisé. Les prévalences de la discrimination au travail et du troubles anxieux généralisé ont été décrits selon l’origine et le sexe. Des analyses logistiques multivariées et une analyse de médiation ont été réalisées afin de quantifier la contribution de la discrimination au travail dans le lien entre l’origine et la santé mentale. La prévalence de la discrimination au travail variait fortement selon l’origine, avec des immigré·es et descendant·es d’immigrés plus exposé·es que la population majoritaire. Les résultats de l’analyse multivariée montrent que les immigré·es d’Afrique et les descendant·es d’immigrés d’Afrique avaient plus de risque de déclarer des attitudes discriminatoires au travail que la population majoritaire (ORa =3.1 [2.1-4.6] et ORa =1.67 [1.24-2.24] respectivement). Les analyses ont également montré que les femmes sont plus exposées à la discrimination au travail par rapport aux hommes avec un ORa=1.25 [1.05-1.49]. La prévalence du trouble anxieux généralisé était particulièrement haute parmi les descendant·es d’immigrés d’Afrique (11.33% contre 6,6 % dans la population d’étude et un ORa= 1.85 [1.19-2.87] par rapport à la population majoritaire) et parmi les femmes par rapport aux hommes (ORa=1.76 [1.36 -2.27]). Enfin, l’analyse de médiation a permis de montrer que les discriminations au travail expliquent 50% du sur-risque de troubles anxieux généralisé chez les descendant·es d’immigrés d’Afrique. Notre étude montre une surexposition des immigré·es et des descendant·es d’immigrés d’Afrique à la discrimination au travail. Elle met en évidence le rôle majeur que joue la discrimination au travail dans l’état de santé mentale dégradé des descendants et descendantes d’immigrés d’Afrique.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Gosselin & Nesrine Ben Ahmed, 2024. "Discrimination au travail et santé mentale des immigré·es et descendant·es d’immigrés : une analyse de médiation à partir de l’enquête Conditions de Travail," Working Papers 294, French Institute for Demographic Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:idg:wpaper:tbssnzabagiofkxmqeu7
    DOI: 10.48756/ined-dt-294.0724
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