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Measuring a Paradox: Zero-negative Electricity Prices

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With the increasing participation of renewable sources, prices of energy commodity in the day-ahead markets have been decreasing and in increasing number of hours to zero or even negative prices. However, in hours with prices and charges equal or below zero, end-users may still pay significant prices for the ‘free’ electricity, which presents a paradox. This paper analyses the zero-negative price paradox in a highly decarbonized electricity market. We use Seasonal ARIMA methods with hourly data from the Spanish power system (2021-2024). We find that non-energy system costs increase when day-ahead prices decrease. Thus, customers do not receive efficient price signals to adjust their consumption when more renewables are available. In other words, some benefits of lower prices seem to be traded-off with this “price paradox”. Similar results can be anticipated in other countries with increasing share of renewables. Future studies of welfare impact of electricity prices should consider how to minimize these increasing non-energy costs.

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  • Davi-Arderius, Daniel & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2024. "Measuring a Paradox: Zero-negative Electricity Prices," Working Papers 13-2024, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2024_013
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy-only market; Day-ahead electricity markets; Negative prices; Renewables; Decarbonization; Ancillary services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L10 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - General
    • L50 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - General
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices

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