Géopolitique de la Méditerranée Un territoire de conflits économiques, politiques, religieux, environnementaux et humanitaires

The Mediterranean is a place of contact and interpenetration of many cultures and religions, with considerable influence on modern civilizations and the values conveyed in the contemporary world. In the history of thought, the Mediterranean has often been considered the centre of the world. It has been the scene of many wars, conflicts, waves of migration. She had colonizers and colonized countries. His political, religious and philosophical heritage is at once immense, but also heterogeneous and often conflicting. Its economic weight is declining vis-à-vis the emerging countries and its demographic weight has increased, in spite of the wars, with strong divergences according to the bordering countries. By the very fact of its strategic interest, the weight of the military sector is important and all the great powers seek to increase their influence. The countries of the South Mediterranean remain wary of the European Union. There are five important challenges for peace in the Mediterranean, concern the production and sale of hydrocarbons, the scarcity of water, the situations of pollution and the environment, the waves of migrations, the critical issues of an unequal economic development between the South and the North. The "war" of civilization can break out in this zone in which humanistic philosophical and democratic values were born.